_STP_531-1973.pdf

Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:08:22 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.MANUAL ON REQUIREMENTS.HANDLING.AND QUALITY CONTROL OF GAS TURBINE FUEL A symposium presented at the Seventy-fifth Annual Meeting AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Los Angeles,Calif.,25-30 June 1972 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 531 H.vonE.Doering,chairman J.A.Vincent,co-chairman List Price$20.00 04-531000-12 iSlf AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:08:22 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1973 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:72-97871 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Tallahassee,Florida October 1973 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:08:22 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The Symposium on Gas Turbine Fuel Requirements,Handling and Quality Control was presented at the Seventy-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Los Angeles,Cahf.,25-30 June 1972.The symposium was sponsored by Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants,Technical Division D02.C on Turbine Oils.H.vonE.Doering,General Electric Co.,presided as the symposium chairman,and J.A.Vincent,Standard Oil of Calif.,served as the co-chairman.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:08:22 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Related ASTM Publications Effect of Automotive Emission Requirements on Gasoline Characteristics,STP 487(1971),$9.50,04-487000-12 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:08:22 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Introduction Operation of Gas Turbines on ASTM 3-GT Fuel-C.E.HUSSEY,S.Y.LEE,and W.E.YOUNG Gas Turbine Operational Experience Fuel,Deposits and Metallographic Analyses Laboratory Tests Test Results and Discussion Summary and Conclusions Effect of a Heavy Distillate Fuel on U-700-H.vonE.DOERING Fuel and Fuel Handling U-700 First Stage Buckets Air Quality Conclusion Management of the Gas Turbine Fuel Systemsw.F.WINKLER Background Critical Fuel Properties Fuel Contaminants Current Fuel Systems Fuel System Management Summary Experience with Distillate Fuels in Gas TurbinesR.DEL FAVERO and J.J.DOYLE Current Demands for Distillate Fuels Problems with Fuel Quality Changes in Fuel Specifications Program Objectives and Recommendations Conclusions Clean,Bright,and Dry-J.c.BRADLEY Types of Contamination Importance of a Quality Assurance Program Bacterial Contamination Quality Control System Conclusions Electrical Purification of Gas Turbine FuelsR.W.GREENLEE and R.N.LUCAS Electrostatic Purification in the Petroleum Industry Significant Impurities in Gas Turbine Fuels Refinery Processes for Impurity Removal Principles of Dispersion Stability and Electrostatic Separation On-Site Electrical Treatment of Gas Turbine Fuels 3 4 10 13 16 20 22 22 23 25 26 28 29 32 34 37 39 43 45 45 46 51 53 55 57 58 59 60 61 72 73 74 75 80 87 98 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Fri Jan 1 23:08:22 EST 2016Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Specific Applications of Electrostatic Separation Equipment 101 Conclusions 103 Centrifugal Liquid-Liquid Separation as Applied to Alkali Metal Reduction in Liquid Fuels by Aqueous Extraction A.S.ZAMBONE and C.Y.LEE 105 Nomenclature 105 Corrosive Metals 106 Centrifugal Liquid-Liquid Separation 107 Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Solid Separation 112 Brownian Motion 115 Conclusion 120 Purification of Fuel Oils by Centrifugal Force-F.H.HILTS 121 Historical Background 121 Types of Centrifuges 122 Selection of Centrifuge Type 124 Purifier Installation 125 Temperature Requirements 125 Prepackaged and Automated Systems 125 Purification Performance 126 Fuel Wash Systems 129 Summary 132 Survey of Trace Metals in Distillate Fuels-C.C.WARD 133 Discussion of Data 137 Discussion 139 Storage Stability of Distillate Fuels for Ships-E.w.WHITE 143 Technical Background 144 Test Procedures 148 Cumulative Results 153 Discussion 154 Findings and Tentative Conclusions 165 Future Plans 165 Analysis of Fuel Oils for Trace Metals-H.A.BRAIER 167 General Considerations on Trace Analysis 167 Analytical Methods 170 Conclusion 184 Discussion 187 Prob