_STP_248-1959.pdf

REPORT O NPROPERTIES O F CAS T IRO NAT ELEVATE D TEMPERATURE SIssued Under the Auspices ofTHE STEA M POWE R PANE LofTHE ASTM-ASME JOINT COMMITTEE O NEFFECT O F TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF METALSPrepared for the Panel byJ.R.KATTU S AND BRYAN MCPHERSONSOUTHERN RESEARC H INSTITUTEBIRMINGHAM,ALABAM AASTM Special Technical Publication No.248List Price:$4.25Price to ASTM and ASME Members:$3.40Published by theAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR T E S T I N G M A T E R I A L S1916 RACE STREET,PHILADELPHIA 3,PA.Fifty year s ago unexpected failure s led th e ASMEto support a research investigation at Cornell Univer-sity to determine safe temperature an d pressure limitsfor cas t iron fo r valves;pumps and simila r pressur ecastings.The limit s fixed at that time survived for 40years.Cas t iro n wa s regarde d a s a singl e materia lbracketed i n a broa d specification.Tim e an d inde-pendent research expanded its range of properties an dusage,establishe d contro l measure s ove r differen tgrades,an d extende d th e knowledg e definin g it smodern refine d forms.Enterprisin g manufacturer sestablished,individually,application s requirin g loa dcarrying ability at temperatures above the 450 F limitset a half century ago.Fifteen year s ago,the urgen t nee d t o use cast ironfor th e wartim e stea m propulsio n o f carg o vessel sprecipitated a survey of the then current usag e whichculminated in the Burgess-Barlo w report,referenc e16.Five year s more wen t int o th e preparatio n an dtrial b y usag e o f a tentativ e AST M Specificatio n A278.1 Ultimately the nee d arose t o justify it s contentsby a stud y of th e importan t qualifyin g factors tha tcould make cast iron eligibl e for use at temperature sup to 650 F and perhaps above this temperature.The Boile r an d Pressur e Vesse l Committee o f th eASME presse d fo r thi s informatio n an d th e ASTM-ASME Joint Committee on Effec t o f Temperature o nthe Properties of Metals approved th e work in 1952.Aresearch subcommitte e o f ASTM Committe e A-3 o n1 1958 Book of ASTM Standards,Part 1.-See acknowledgments p.8 5 fo r lis t o f organization s wh o fur-nished the test metals.Cast Iron was charged t o formulate a program o f in-vestigation.Cas t iron s fo r tes t wer e obtaine d fro mcommercial sources.2 Basically,the eligibl e cas t iron swere to conform to the terms of Specification A 278 forcast irons suitable for use at temperatures up to 650 F.This include d limit s upo n hea t treatmen t whic hwould b e confine d to relativel y low,stress-relie f an-nealing temperatures.Alloys No.1,5,10,and 1 3 sur-vived the rigors of the tes t program an d me t th e ori-ginal terms.The wor k was expanded t o include mor e extensiv eheat treatments and special compositions,Thes e help-ed to round out the initia l progra m and to inspirefuture investigation s upon thos e cast irons which stil lshow promise of exceeding prevailing service tempera-ture limitation.Some change s in th e committe e personne l ar e in-evitable in a program extending over so long a periodof time.Th e Chairma n o f Projec t SP-2 is especiall yindebted to committee survivors,namely,R.K.Atkin,R.J.Allen,H.Bornstein,William A.Hambley,D.J.Henry,J.T.MacKenzie,C.G.Russel l an d R.H.VanPelt;t o Pau l Brister,Chairma n o f th e Stea mPower Pane l o f th e Join t Committee;forme r Join tCommittee Chairmen F.B.Foley and V.T.Malcolm,and member s N.L.Moche l an d H.C.Cros s wh ocarried th e brunt o f the work.From al l of us,appre-ciation goe s t o J.R.Kattu s an d hi s associates for adifficult job,well done.For Project SP-2 CommitteeJ.S.VANICK,Chairman(g)B Y AMERICA N SOCIET Y FO R TESTIN G MATERIALS,Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:59-1096 5PRINTED I N PHILLIPSBURG,N.J.March,1959FOREWORDii CONTENTSPAGEABSTRACT vINTRODUCTION 1LITERATURE SURVE Y 2Conclusions t o Literatur e Stud y 15SCREENING TEST S 17Conclusions t o Screening Tests 24TEST ALLOY S 25TENSILE PROPERTIE S 28CREEP-RUPTURE PROPERTIE S 28Test Procedur e 28Test Result s 32Metallographic Studie s 44Heat Treatmen t 51GROWTH CHARACTERISTIC S 66THERMAL-SHOCK PROPERTIE S 71Test Procedure 72Test Result s 78CONCLUSIONS 81ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 85BIBLIOGRAPHY 87iii This page intentionally left blank PROPERTIES O F CAS T IRO NAT ELEVATED TEMPERATURESISSUED UNDER THE AUSPICES OFTHE STEAM POWER PANELofTHE ASTM-ASM E JOINT COMMITTEE ONEFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF METALSABSTRACTThe propertie s of si x commercial low-allo y gra y irons and of one unalloyed ferritic nodulariron were evaluated at 800 F and a t 100 0 F by means of tensile tests,creep-rupture tests,ther-mal-shock tests,growth tests,an d metallographi c examinations.Both as-cast structures an d an-nealed structure s were investigated.I n general,th e alloy s ar e promisin g fo r long-tim e load-carrying applications an d for applications involvin g thermal shock at temperatures up to 800 F,but not at 1000 F.The tes t results indicate,however,that the development of low-alloy cast-ironssuitable of use