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STP 1070 Geotechnics of Waste Fills-Theory and Practice Arvid Landva and G.David Knowles,editors 1916 Race Street Philadelphia,PA 19103 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geotechnics of waste fills-theory and practice/Arvid Landva and G.David Knowles,editors.(ASTM STP;1070)ASTM publication code number(PCN)04-010700-38.-T.p.verso Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8031-1285-8 I.Sanitary landfills-Congresses.2.Engineering geology-Congresses.3.Groundwater flow-Congresses.I.Landva,Arvid,1930-.II.Knowles,G.David,1944-III.Series:ASTM special technical publication;1070.TD795.7.G46 1990 628.364-dc20 90-44937 CIP Copyright?9 by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1990 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of these peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribu-tion of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in Ann Arbor,MI May 1992 Second Printing.Ann Arbor,MI Januar)1994 Foreword This publication,Geoteehnics of Waste Fills-Theory and Practice,contains papers pre-sented at the symposium of the same name held in Pittsburgh,PA on 10-13 Sept.1989.The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock.Dr.Arvid Landva,Professor of Civil Engineering,The University of New Brunswick at New Brunswick,pre-sided as symposium chairman.He was also editor of this publication,along with G.David Knowles,Malcolm Pirnie Inc.,Albany,NY.Contents Introduction LANDFILL INVESTIGATIONS,DESIGN,CONSTRUCTION Settlement and Engineering Considerations in Landfill and Final Cover Design-D.V.MORRIS AND C.E.WOODS Solid Waste Landfill Performance During the LOMA Prieta Earthquake-W.R.ORR AND M.O.FINCH Predicting Stratigraphy at Landfill Sites Using Electromagnetics-T.A.LAWRENCE AND G.P.BOUTWELL Geotechnical Considerations When Planning Construction on a Landfill-G.P.GIFFORD,A.O.LANDVA,AND V.C.HOFFMAN Field Measurements of Dynamic Moduli and Poissons Ratios of Refuse and Underlying Soils at a Landfill Site-H.D.SHARMA,M.T.DUKES,AND D.M.OLSEN BoRon Ash as Embankment Material-w-H.HUANG AND C.W.LOVELL Geotechnics of Waste Fill-A.O.LANDVA AND J.I.CLARK 22 31 41 57 71 86 STABILIZATION,COMPACTION,CONSOLIDATION The Wak Test to Check the Increase in Soil Stiffness Due to Dynamic Compaction-J.-L BRIAUD,M.-L.LIU,AND PH.LEPERT Engineering and Compaction Characteristics of Boiler Siag-v.n.ACAR,R.K.SEALS,AND A.J.PUPPALA The Geotechnical Properties of Cemented Colliery Waste for Use in Land Fill-M.C.g.DAVIES Improvement of Mine Spoils in Southern Illinois-D.C.KOUTSOFTAS AND M.L.KIEFER Laboratory Testing of Lime Fixed Flyash and FDG Sludge-N.N.SOUMAN 107 123 142 153 168 vi CONTENTS Constitutive Behavior of Clay and Pozzolan-Stabilized Hydrocarbon Refining Waste-J.p.MARTIN,F.J.BIEHL,J.S.BROWNING lit,AND E.L.VAN KEUREN 185 STABILITY AND SETTLEMENT ANALYSES Stability Considerations in the Design and Construction of Lined Waste Repositories-L K.MITCHELL,R.B.SEED,AND H.B.SEED Settlement of Municipal Refuse-T.a.EDIL,V.J.RANGUETTE,AND W.W.WUELLNER Evaluation of the Stability of Sanitary Landfills-s.SlNGn AND B.MURPHY Slope Stability Investigations at a Landfill in Southern California-R.g.SIEGEL,R.J.ROBERTSON,AND D.G.ANDERSON Stability Consideration of Vertical Landfill Expansions-o.E.T1EMAN,G.W.DRUBACK,K.A.DAVIS,AND C.H.WEIDNER Landfill Deformation Monitoring and Stability Analysis-N.DUPLANCIC 207 225 240 259 285 303 CASE HISTORIES Geotechnical Analysis of Some Industrial Siudges-F.BELFIORE,M.MANASSERO,AND C.VIOLA Landfill Site Reclaimed for Commercial Use as Container Storage Facility-R.D.HINKLE Case History:Use of the Cone Penetrometer to Calculate the Settlement of a Chemically Stabilized Landfill-R.E.OAKLEY III Monitoring Landfill Movements Using Precise Instruments-D.P.CODUTO AND R.HUITRIC Index 317 331 345 358 371 STPIO70-EB/Jan.1990 OVERVIEW 1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this symposium was to explore the geotechnical properties and behavior of waste fill materials and to compile them into one volume that could serve as a reference text on a subject that is not widely addressed in accessible literature.The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee DI8,Subcommittee D18.14,Geotechnics of Waste Management.STP 1070 will serve as a guide to Committee DI8 members in their future efforts to address the problems of landfill geotechnics,such as stability of slopes,settlement of fills and groundwater(leachate)flow.The term waste fill covers a wide range of materials,from mineral fills contaminated with relatively sma