_STP_987-1988.pdf

STP 987 Effect of Steel Manufacturing Processes on the Quality of Bearing Steels J.J.C.Hoo,editor Q ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia,PA 19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:16:53 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Effect of steel manufacturing processes on the quality of bearing steels/J.J.C.Hoo,editor.(STP;987)Papers from the Symposium on Effect of Steel Manufacturing Processes on the Quality of Bearing Steels,held at Phoenix,Ariz.,Nov.4-6,1986 and sponsored by the Subcommittee A01.28 on Bearing Steels of the Committee on AOl on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys.Includes bibliographies and indexes.ASTM publication code number(PCN)04-987000-02.ISBN 0-8031-0999-7 1.Steel,BearingFatigueCongresses.2.Rolling contact Congresses.3.SteelMetallurgyCongresses.I.Hoo,J.J.C.II.Symposium on Effect of Steel Manufacturing Processes on the Quality of Bearing Steels(1986:Phoenix,Ariz.)III.American Society for Testing and Materials.Subcommittee AOl.28 on Bearing Steels.IV.Series:ASTM special technical publication;987.TA473.E42 1988 620.173dcl9 88-19876 CIP Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1988 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of these peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in Baltimore,MD October 1988 i Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:16:53 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Foreword The symposium on Effect of Steel Manufacturing Processes on the QuaUty of Bearing Steels was presented at Phoenix,Arizona,4-6 November 1986.The symposium was sponsored by Committee AOl on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and Subcommittee AOl.28 on Bearing Steels.J.J.C.Hoo,General Bearing Corporation,served as chairman of the symposium and editor of this publication.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:16:53 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Contents Overview 1 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR BETTER BEARING STEELS Selection of Rolling-Element Bearing Steels for Long-Life ApplicationsERWIN V.ZARETSKY 5 Impact of Steel Quality on Integrated Automotive Wheel Bearing PerformanceGHASSAN S.TAYEH AND HELMUT R.WOEHRLE 44 Quantitative Inclusion Ratings and Continuous Casting:User Experience and Relatiomhips with Rolling Contact Fatigue LifeJ.MALCOLM HAMPSHIRE AND ERNEST KING 61 Effects of Material Properties on Bearing Steel Fatigue Strength HANS SCHLICHT,ECKEHARD SCHREIBER,AND OSKAR ZWIRLEIN 81 Failsafe Rating of Ball Bearing ComponentsAAT P.VOSKAMP AND GRAHAM E.HOLLOX 102 The Role of Carbides in Performance of High-Alloy Bearing SteelsPHILIP K.PEARSON AND THORN W.DICKINSON 113 Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of Various Kinds of High-Hardness Steels and Influence of Material Factors on Rolling Contact Fatigue LifeN.TSUSHIMA,K.MAEDA,AND H.NAKASHIMA 132 Relationship of Melting Practice,Inclusion Type,and Size with Fatigue Resistance of Bearing SteelsJACQUES MONNOT,BERNARD HERITIER,AND JEAN Y.COGNE 149 Discussion The Distribution and Quantitative Relationship of Oxygen and Inclusions in High-Carbon Ball Bearing Steel B.BOMARDELLI,G.PACCHIANI,H.HOLZNER,AND JOSEPH J.C.HOO 166 NEW METHODS TO EVALUATE QUALITY OF BETTER BEARING STEELS The Development of an ASTM Standard Analytical Method for the Determination of Oxygen in Steel BARRY I.DIAMONDSTONE AND DEAN A.FLINCHBAUGH 191 Current Status of Round-Robin Testing of Oxygen Content in Bearing Steelsw.B.GREEN,JR.,B.I.DIAMONDSTONE,AND JOSEPH J.C.HOO 198 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Sun Dec 27 14:16:53 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.Analysis of Microindusions in Through-Hardening Bearing SteelsSTEVEN LANE 211 Measurement of Extremely Low Inclusion Contents by Image AnalysisGEORGE F.VANDER VOORT 226 Inclusion Assessment in Steel Using the New Jernkontoret Inclusion Chart II for Quantitative Measurements STIG JOHANSSON 250 NEW PROCESSES TO PRODUCE BETTER BEARING STEELS The Ladle Refining Process for Bearing-Quality Steels JEFFREY A.ODAR AND DAVID J.FEC