_MNL_3-1998.pdf

100 I:ARS A PROT_N PARTNERSHIP M alilla 011 6th Edition A,W,Drews,editor Manual on Hydrocarbon Analysis:6th Edition A.W.Drews editor ASTM Manual Series:MNL3 ASTM Stock#:MNL3 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Manual on hydrocarbon analysis-6th ed./A.W.Drews,editor(ASTM manual series:MNL 3)ASTM Stock#:MNL3 Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-8031-2080-X 1.Petroleum productswAnalysis.2.Hydrocarbons-Analysis.I.Drews,A.W.II.Series.TP691.M358 1998 665.5-dc21 98-25886 CIP Copyright 1998 by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:508-750-8400;online:http:/L NOTE:This manual does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this manual to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations pnor to use.NOTE:The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions ad-vanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore June 1998 Foreword THIS SIXTH EDITION OF THE Manual on Hydrocarbon Analysis,sponsored by ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants,has been expanded even further than the fifth edition.First appearing in 1963 as STP332,this manual was updated by Committee D02 in 1968,1977,1987,and 1992.In this 1998 edition,Part 2 has been expanded to include 26 additional ASTM test methods.Furthermore,the number of chapters has been increased from five to seven through the creation of a separate chapter,Analysis of Kerosine,Diesel and Aviation Turbine Fuels,and a totally new chapter,Analysis of Waxes.For additional information on the signif-icance of tests,the reader is encouraged to consult the Manual on Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products,6th Edition.Methodology is changing quickly,requiring revisions to existing methods and the standardization of new ones.The impact of computerization and microprocessors cannot be overemphasized.Modern data-handling capabilities allow highly detailed compositional analyses to be performed that were once only a vision.Some of these resulting methods have been standardized;others will follow rapidly as experi-ence is gained.Industry and governmental requirements for accurate,more detailed data in a shorter time frame have resulted in substantial method changes.Rapid instrumental techniques,incorporating automatic sampling and on-line instru-mentation,are replacing many of the time-honored empirical and,even,wet-chemical procedures.Yet many of the estab-lished techniques are still utilized and,thus,they are included in this manual along with the methods that are replacing them.It is exciting to speculate what further changes will occur before issuance of the next edition.Publication of this manual would not have been possible without the efforts of the ASTM staff,the authors-N.G.Johansen,J.M.McCann,G.Hemighaus,T.M.Warne,A.J.Lubeck,A.D.Barker,C.H.Pfeiffer,the reviewers-S.E.Litka and N.D.Smith,and to L.A.Drews for collating,for-matting,and reviewing the texts.I express my appreciation to all those who made this sixth edition a reality.A.W.Drews,editor Subcommittee D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis ool Ul Purpose of Manual THE PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL is two-fold.The seven imroductory chapters provide the analyst with a comprehensive overview of current practices and tests relating to the analysis of hydrocarbons.The accompanying collection of ASTM test methods furnishes a convenient reference within a single volume.It is hoped that this combination will provide the reader with a clearer understanding and appre-ciation of this diversified subject.iv Contents INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION Introduction Table 1-Summary of Product Types Produced from Petroleum Table 2-Summary of ASTM Test Methods(by subject)Table 3-Number of Isomeric Paraffins Table 4-Summary of Hydrocarbon Types in Petroleum Fractions 3 4 5 11 11 PART 1-DISCUSSION OF ANALYSES BY PRODUCT TYPE Analysis of Cs and Lighter Hydrocarbons by N.G.Johansen Introduction Current Practices Future Trends 2 Analysis of Gasoline and Other Light Distillate Fuels by J.M.McCann Introduction Current Practices Future Trends Analysis of Kerosine,Diesel,and Aviation Turbine Fuel by G.Hemighaus Introduction Current Practices Future Trends 4 Analysis of Viscous Oils by T.M.Warne Introduction Current Practices Future Trends A