ASTM_G_83_-_96.pdf

Designation:G 83 96Standard Test Method forWear Testing with a Crossed-Cylinder Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 83;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a laboratory test for rankingmetallic couples in their resistance to sliding wear using thecrossed-cylinder apparatus.During the test,wear occurs at acontact between a rotating cyclinder and a stationary cylinderwhich have their long axes oriented normal to each other.1.2 When the rotating and stationary cylinders are of thesame material,wear test results are reported as the total volumeloss in cubic millimetres for the rotating and stationarycylinders.The manner of recording the results also specifies theparticular test procedure used.The value is obtained by addingthe volume loss of the rotating member to the volume loss ofthe nonrotating member.Materials of higher wear resistancewill have lower volume loss.NOTE1To attain uniformity among laboratories,it is the intent of thistest method to require that volume loss due to wear be reported only in themetric system as cubic millimetres(1 mm35 6.102 3 105in.3).1.3 When dissimilar materials are being tested,wear testresults are reported as the total volume loss in cubic millime-tres for the rotating and stationary test cylinders as well as thevolume loss of each cylinder separately.When two differentmetals or alloys are tested,it is also recommended that eachmetal or alloy be tested in both the stationary and movingpositions.Then,for each metal or alloy,the combined volumeof wear in both positions should be used in comparisons withself-mated wear volume.1.4 The test method describes three recommended proce-dures that are appropriate for different degrees of wear resis-tance.NOTE2The crossed-cylinder wear test inherently exhibits a timevarying contact area.A plot of wear volume versus sliding distance istypically nonlinear.Therefore,results obtained using parameters otherthan those specified in the test method cannot be used to calculate anexpected value.1.4.1 Procedure AThis is a relatively severe test that willrank metallic materials which have high-wear resistance.Materials with wear resistance in the high-speed tool steelcategory are particularly suited to this test.1.4.2 Procedure BThis is a short-term variation of Proce-dure A.1.4.3 Procedure CThis is a lower speed and shorter termvariation of Procedure A that is particularly useful in rankingmaterials of low-wear resistance.1.5 In reporting,the values stated in SI units are preferred.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality for a Lot or Process2E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion33.Terminology3.1 Definitions used in this test method are defined inaccordance with Terminology G 40 as follows:3.1.1 coeffcient of friction or f in tribologythe dimension-less ratio of the friction force(F)between two bodies to thenormal force(N)pressing these bodies together 5F/N!3.1.2 debrisin tribology,particles that have become de-tached in a wear or erosion process.3.1.3 lubricantany substance interposed between two sur-faces for the purpose of reducing the friction or wear betweenthem.3.1.4 weardamage to a solid surface generally involvingprogressive loss of material,due to relative motion betweenthat surface and a contracting substance or substances.3.1.5 wear ratethe rate of material removal or dimen-sional change due to wear per unit of exposure parameter forexample,quantity of material removed(mass,volume,thick-ness)in unit distance of sliding or unit time.3.1.5.1 DiscussionBecause of the possibility of confu-sion,the manner of computing wear rate should always becarefully specified.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-2 on Wearand Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.Current edition approved Nov.11,1996.Published January 1997.Originallypublished as G 83 89.Last previous edition G 83 90.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 03.02.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 applied loadthe dead-weight load placed on thecrossed-cylinders.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe weight of the stationary specimenholder is included.3.2.2 c