_STP_498-1973.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO TODAYS ULTRAHIGH-STRENGTH STRUCTURAL STEELS Issued Under the Auspices of AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS and THE DEFENSE METALS INFORMATION CENTER Prepared by A.M.Hall ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 498 04-498000-02 List price$3.75 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:07:11 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.?9 BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1971 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:76-170918 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Alpha,New Jersey October 1971 Second Printing,Oetobe 1973 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:07:11 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.The American Society for Testing and Materials and the Defense Metals Information Center share a dedication to the more efficient utilization of technical information on metals and their properties.ASTM is the leading society in the promotion of knowledge of materials and the standardization of spe-cifications and methods of testing;DMIC,a DoD Information Analysis Center sponsored by the Air Force Materials Laboratory and operated by Battellels Columbus Laboratories,serves the technical community as a major source of information on the advanced metals.This report is the fourth cooperative publication of ASTM and DMIC.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:07:11 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.TABLE OF CONTENTS Pa.cle INTRODUCTION.I MEDIUM-CARBON LOW-ALLOY HARDENBLE STEELS.I General Characteristics.I Properties.2 Forming,Heat Treating,and Joining.2 MEDIUM-ALLOY STEELS.4 Types.4 Properties and Fabrication.5 5Cr-Mo-V Steels.5 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V(HY 130/150)Steel.6 HIGH-ALLOY STEELS.7 Types.7 HP 9-4 Steels.,.7 Maraging Steels.8 Properties and Fabrication.9 HP 9-4 Steels.9 Maraging Steels.9 STAINLESS STEELS.11 Martensitic Types.I l Semiaustenitic Types.13 Cold-RoII Austenitic Stainless Steels.15 RELIABILITY.15 APPLICATIONS.16 REFERENCES.19 iv Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:07:11 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.AN INTRODUCTION TO TODAYS ULTRAHIGH-STRENGTH STRUCTURAL STEELS A.M.Hall*ABSTRACT The features that distinguish the ultrahigh-strength steels from the other classes of high-strength constructional steel are described.The various families of ultrahigh-strength steel are discussed in terms of composition,mechanical properties,forms available,forming char-acteristics,and weldability.Recent developments in the technology are described,and illustrative applications are given.The families of ultrahigh-strength steel discussed include medium-carbon low-alloy hardenable,medium-and high-alloy hardenable,high-nickel maraging,hardenable stainless,and cold-rolled stainless.*Assistant Manager,Process and Physical Metallurgy,Battelles Columbus Laboratories,Columbus,Ohio.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Mon Dec 21 11:07:11 EST 2015Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Washington(University of Washington)pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.STP498-EB/Oct.1971 INTRODUCTION In old but dynamic technologies,confusion surrounding terminology is fairly common.Metallurgy indeed is no ex-ception.One culprit in the metallurgical lexicon that is responsible for a particularly large degree of confusion is the term high-strength steel.This term is applied quite frequently to any structural steel capable of being used at strength levels higher than those for which structural carbon steels were developed,i.e.,higher than 33,000 to 36,000 psi minimum yield point.When thought of in this sense,a high-strength steel may possess a yield strength capability ranging all the way from some 42,000 psi to more than 350,000 psi-so wide a spread in strength as to rob the term of its meaning.Most probably,this state of affairs can be attributed to the rapid advance of steel technology during the past 40 years,which has made available a steadily increasing num-ber of steels usable at higher and higher strengths.Yester-days ultimate in strength is topped by todays achievements which,in turn,will be surpassed by tomorrows develop-ments.As a result of this sequence of events,the term high strength has become applied to all sorts of steels.Indeed,the confusion has been compounded by speci-fication writing bodies.These organizations began quite logically to refer to steels with minimum yield points of 42,000 to 50,000 psi as high-strength