STM_52915-16.pdf

ISO/ASTM 52915:2016(E)Standard Specification forAdditive Manufacturing File Format(AMF)Version 1.21This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 52915;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.INTRODUCTIONThis International Standard describes an interchange format to address the current and future needsof additive manufacturing technology.For the last three decades,the stereolithography(STL)fileformat has been the industry standard for transferring information between design programs andadditive manufacturing equipment.An STL file defines only a surface mesh and has no provisions forrepresenting colour,texture,material,substructure and other properties of the fabricated object.Asadditive manufacturing technology is evolving quickly from producing primarily single-material,homogeneous objects to producing geometries in full colour with functionally-defined gradations ofmaterials and microstructures,there is a growing need for a standard interchange file format that cansupport these features.The additive Manufacturing File Format(AMF)has many benefits.It describes an object in sucha general way that any machine can build it to the best of its ability,and as such is technologyindependent.It is easy to implement and understand,scalable and has good performance.Crucially,it is both backwards compatible,allowing any existing STL file to be converted,and futurecompatible,allowing new features to be added as advances in technology warrant.1.Scope1.1 This International Standard provides the specificationfor the Additive Manufacturing File Format(AMF),an inter-change format to address the current and future needs ofadditive manufacturing technology.1.2 The AMF may be prepared,displayed and transmittedprovided the requirements of this specification are met.Whenprepared in a structured electronic format,strict adherence toan extensible markup language(XML)(1)2schema is requiredto support standards-compliant interoperability.1.3 A W3C XML schema definition(XSD)for the AMF isavailable from ISO from http:/standards.iso.org/iso/52915 andfromASTMfromwww.astm.org/MEETINGS/images/amf.xsd.An implementation guide for such an XML schema isprovided in Annex A1.1.4 It is recognized that there is additional informationrelevant to the final part that is not covered by the currentversion of this International Standard.Suggested future fea-tures are listed in Annex A2.1.5 This International Standard does not specify any explicitmechanisms for ensuring data integrity,electronic signatures,and encryptions.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:For the purposes of this document,thefollowing terms and definitions apply.2.1.1 AMF consumersoftware reading(parsing)the Addi-tive Manufacturing File Format(AMF)file for fabrication,visualization or analysis.2.1.1.1 DiscussionAMF files are typically imported byadditive manufacturing equipment,as well as viewing,analysisand verification software.2.1.2 AMF editorsoftware reading and rewriting the Ad-ditive Manufacturing File Format(AMF)file for conversion.2.1.2.1 DiscussionAMF editor applications are used toconvert an AMF from one form to another,for example,convert all curved triangles to flat triangles or convert porousmaterial specification into an explicit mesh surface.2.1.3 AMF producersoftware writing(generating)theAd-ditive Manufacturing Format(AMF)file from original geomet-ric data.2.1.3.1 DiscussionAMF files are typically exported bycomputer-aided design(CAD)software,scanning software,ordirectly from computational geometry algorithms.2.1.4 attributecharacteristic of data,representing one ormore aspects or descriptors of the data in an element.1This International Standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42on Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F42.04 on Design,and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 261.Current edition approved Oct.19,2015.Published April 2016.Originallypublished as ASTM F2915-11.Last previous edition ISO/ASTM 52915-13.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the Bibliography at the end of thisstandard.ISO/ASTM International 2016 All rights reserved1 2.1.4.1 DiscussionIn the XML framework,attributes arecharacteristics of elements.2.1.5 commentsall text comments associated with anydata within the Additive Manufacturing File Format(AMF)tobe ignored by import software.2.1.5.1 DiscussionComments are used for enhancing hu-man readability of the file and for debugging purposes.2.1.6 elementinformation unit within an XML documentconsisting of a start tag,an end tag,the content between thetags,and any attributes.2.1.6.1 DiscussionIn the XMLframework,an element cancontain data,attributes and other elements.2.1.7 extensible markup language,XMLstandard from theWorldWideWeb Consortium(W3C)that provides for taggingof information content within documents offering a means forrepresentation of content in a format that