_STP_1420-2003.pdf

STP 1420 Spatial Methods for Solution of Environmental and Hydrologic Problems-Science,Policy,and Standardization Vernon Singhroy,David T.Hansen,Robert R.Pierce,and A.Ivan Johnson,editors ASTM Stock Number:STP1420 mTIIMI4 ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN:Spatial methods for solution of envkonmental scales using remote sensing and GIS/Veto Signhroy.et al.,editors.p.cm.ASTM stock number:STPI420.Proceedings of a symposium held on 25 January 2001 in Reno,Nevada.ISBN 0-8031-3455-X 1.Hydrology-Remote sensing-Congresses.2.Hydrology-Mathematical models-Congresses.3.Geographic information systens-Congresses.I.Singllroy,Vernon.GB656.2.R44S625 2003 628.1-dc2!2002043885 Copyright?9 2003 ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any pdnted,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by ASTM International(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/ Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Intemational Committee on Publications.To make technical information available as quickly as possible,the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were prepared camera-ready as submitted by the authors.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long-standing publication practices,ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTM International Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International.Printed in Bridgeport,NJ January 2003 Foreword The Symposium on Spatial Methods for the Solution of Environmental and Hydrologic Problems:Science,Policy,and Standardization-Implications for Environmental Decisions was held on 25 January 2001 in Reno,Nevada.ASTM International Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock,in coopera-tion with ASTM committees D-34 on Waste Management,E-47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate,and E-50 on Environmental Assessment served as its sponsors.The symposium chairmen of this publication were Veto Singhroy,David T.Hansen,Robert R.Pierce,and A.Ivan Johnson.Contents Overview vii SESSION I:GEOSPATIAL DATA DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATION Integration of Data Management,GIS,and Other Data USes-DAVID w.inCH 3 Differential GPS Update-ARTHUR F.LANGE AND ROSALIND BUICK 18 Defming Cooperative Geospatial Projects Between Organlzations-DAVlD T.HANSEN 26 SESSION II:MODELING ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS On the Use of Spatiotemporal Techniques for the Assessment of Flash Flood Warning-s.G.GARCIA 43 Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Moisture at Watershed Scales Using Remote Sensing and GIS-PATRICK J.STARKS,JOHN D.ROSS,AND GARY C.HEATHMAN 58 SESSION III:SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL INTEGRATION AND VALIDATION OF DATA Spatial Scale Analysis in Geophysics-Integrating Surface and Borehole Geophysics in Ground Water Studie.JERICK L.PAILLET 77 The Need for Regular Remote Sensing Observations of Global Soil Moisture-MANFRED OWE AND RICHARD A.M.DE JEU 92 SESSION IV:ADDRESSING ISSUES OF UNCERTAINTY AND RISK IN GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS The Use of Decision Support Systems to Address Spatial Variability,Uncertainty and RIsk-ROBERT G.KNOWLTON,DAVID M.PETERSON,AND HUBAO ZHANG 109 Status of Standards and Guides Related to the Application of Spatial Methods to Environmental and Hydrologic ProblemsDAViD T.HANSEN 122 SESSION V:DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD DATA SETS Application of GPS for Expansion of the Vertical Datum in California-MARTI E.IKEHARA Satellite Based Standardization and Terrain Maps:A Case Study-VERN H.SINGHROY AND PETER J.BARNETT 139 148 SESSION VI:NATIONAL DATA The Response Units Concept and Its Application for the Assessment of Hydrologically Related Erosion Processes in Semiarid Catchments of Southern Africa-WOLFGANG-ALBERT FLOGEL AND MICHAEL M,TdR 163 Overview The Symposium on Spatial Methods for the Solution of Environmental and Hydrologic Problems;Science,Policy,and Standardization was held in Reno Nevada on January 25 and 26,2001 as part of the D-18 scheduled meetings.The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock in cooperation with ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste Management,E-47 on Biological Effects and Env