_STP_1380-2000.pdf

STP 1380 Pendulum Impact Testing:A Century of Progress Thomas A.Siewert and Michael P.Manahan,editors ASTM Stock Number:STPI380 ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pendulum impact testing:a century of progress/Thomas A.Siewert and Michael R Manahan,editors.p.cm.-(STP;1380)ASTM Stock Number:STP1380 ISBN 0-8031-2864-9 1.Materials-Dynamic testing.2.Impact.3.Notched bar testing.4.Testing-machines.I.Siewert,T.A.I1.Manahan,Michael P.,1953-II1.ASTM special technical publication;1380.TA418.34.P463 2000 620.1 125-dc21 00-038123 Copyright?9 2000 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,personal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:508-750-8400;online:http:/ Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one edi-tor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM Committee on Publications.To make technical information available as quickly as possible,the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were prepared camera-ready as submitted by the authors.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long-standing publication practices,ASTM maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTM Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM.Printed in Baltimore,MD May 2000 Foreword This publication primarily consists of papers presented at the Symposium on Pendulum Impact Testing:A Century of Progress,sponsored by ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and its Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact Testing.The Symposium was held on May 19 and 20,1999 in Seattle,Washington,in conjunction with the standards development meetings of Committee E28.The Symposium marks the 100 year anniversary of the inven-tion of the pendulum impact test by an American civil engineer named S.Bent Russell,and the research and standardization efforts of G.Charpy during the early part of the 20 th century.This book includes 21 papers that were presented at the Symposium and two others submitted only for the proceedings(one with lead author Yamaguchi and the other with lead author Hughes).The papers are organized into four sections by topic:Background of Impact Testing;Reference Energies,Machine Stability and Calibration;Impact Test Procedures;and Fracture Toughness Assessment from Impact Test Data.In addition,the background section includes reprints of two landmark papers,one published in 1898 and one in 1901,that describe significant achievements in the development of the test equipment and procedures.The symposium was chaired jointly by Tom Siewert,of the National Institute of Standards and Technology,and Dr.Michael P.Manahan,Sr.,of MPM Technologies,Inc.Contents Overview vii BACKGROUND OF IMPACT TESTING The History and Importance of Impact TestingmT.A.SIEWERT,M.P.MANAHAN,C.N.McCOWAN,J.M.HOLT,F.J.MARSH,AND E.A.RUTH Experiments with a New Machine for Testing Materials by Impact-s.BENT RUSSELL,Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,Vol.39,June 1898,p.237.Essay on the Metals Impact Bend Test of Notched Bars-G.CHARPY,Soc.Ing.de Franais,June 1901,p.848 17 46 REFERENCE ENERGIES,MACHINE STABILITY,AND CALIBRATION International Comparison of Impact Verification Programs-c.N.McCOWAN,J.PAUWELS,G.REVISE,AND H.NAKANO European Certification of Charpy Specimens:Reasoning and Observationsm J.PAUWELS,D.GYPPAZ,R.VARMA,AND C.INGELBRECHT Stability of a C-type Impact Machine Between Calibrations-M.SUNDQVIST AND G.CHAI Indirect Verification of Pendulum Impact Test Machines:The French Subsidiary from Its Origins to the Present,Changes in Indirect Verification Methods,Effects on Dispersion,and PerspectivesmG.GALBAN,G.REVISE,D.MOUGIN,S.LAPORTE,AND S.LEFRANOIS Maintaining the Accuracy of Charpy Impact Machines-D.e.VIGLIOTTI,T.A.SIEWERT,AND C.N.McCOWAN Characterizing Material Properties by the Use of Full-Size and Subsize Charpy Tests:An Overview of Different Correlation Proceduresm E.LUCON,R.CHAOUADI,A.FABRY,J.-L.PUZZOLANTE,AND E.VAN WALLE 73 90 100 109 134 146 Effects of Anvil Configurations on Absorbed Energy-Y.YAMAGUCHI,S.TAKAGI,AND H.NAKANO The Difference Between Total Absorbed Energy Measured Using