ASTM_F_1319_-_94_2011.pdf

Designation:F131994(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance ofImages Produced from Business Copy Products(Crockmeter Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1319;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determiningthe amount of image transferred onto the surface of a whitecloth by rubbing.1.2 The test method can be employed to evaluate theabrasion and smudge resistance of business imaging productsproduced by impact printers,thermal transfer printers,andnon-impact printers or copiers.1.3 The test method can be used to evaluate the amount ofmaterial removed from the sample(smudge or crock).Testingfocuses on determining the amount of material deposited on thecrockmeter cloth or redeposited in a new location on thesample.The test method can also be employed to measureperformance characteristics for a product.The user shouldselect test equipment which is appropriate for measuring theabrasion to the samples.Samples are tested before and afterrubbing and comparisons of results made.In this test methodproduct performance evaluations are optional.1.4 Other test methods employing the Sutherland rub tester,Taber Abrader and Gavarti GA-C.A.T.can be employed toevaluate the smudge and abrasion characteristics.Results bythese units are not necessarily equivalent to those obtained withthe Crockmeter.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic ImagingF360 Practice for Image Evaluation of Electrostatic BusinessCopiesF497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test InstrumentF1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as aTest InstrumentF1175 Practice for Using the Computer Impact Print-OutUnit as a Test Instrument for Manifold Comparison2.2 ANSI Standards:3IT2.1795 Density Measurements-Geometric Conditions forReflection DensityPH2.18 Density Measurements-Special Conditions3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasion resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand the frictional forces attempting to remove the surfacematerial.3.1.2 crockmaterial transferred by rubbing from an im-aged sample onto a cloth patch.3.1.3 smudgethe tendency of an image to smear or streakonto an adjacent area when rubbed.Smudge involves theredeposition of abraded material.3.1.4 smudge resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand smudging.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F131994(2005).DOI:10.1520/F1319-94R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street,4thfloor,New York,NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.5 General definitions related to electrostatic copying canbe found in Terminology F335.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is used to evaluate the degree of imagetransfer(crock)from a solid imaged area to the surface of awhite,cotton cloth patch by linear rubbing.The degree ofimage transfer to the cloth is measured by reflectance opticaldensitometry or reflectometry.Alternatively,the imaged busi-ness copy product can be evaluated for performance charac-teristics.5.Significance and Use5.1 The degree of image transferred by rubbing(crock)from a copy or printed image can be affected by various factorsincluding the type of machine,the condition of the machine,supplies employed,time since imaging(ribbons)and environ-mental conditions.As many as possible of these variablesshould be controlled during the test.A control sample withknown characteristics,if available,should be run along withthe test samples.5.2 The test is designed to simulate the type of damageresulting from paper rubbing against the printed image.5.3 The test method can be used for control of productquality as well as a research and development tool.5.4 The method is adaptable to images produced from mosttypes of impact and non-impact printers an