ASTM_F_1424_-_92_2011.pdf

Designation:F142492(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forEstimating Toner Usage in Full-Color Copiers Utilizing DryMono-or Dual-Component Toners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1424;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for estimatingthe number of copies that can be produced for a given unit oftoner in a full-color copier using dry mono-or dual-componentdevelopment.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specifichazards,see Section 9.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5039 Test Methods for Identification of Wire Side of Paper(Withdrawn 2009)3F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic ImagingF875 Test Method for Evaluation of Large Area Density andBackground on Office Copiers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Density Target Test Sheet(F875)4Toner Yield Test Target(F1424)53.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dual-component developmenta mixture of dry tonerand iron oxide developer that is used for developing electro-static images in copiers(see Terminology F335).3.1.2 full-color copierscopiers that can reproduce colororiginals containing gradations of color.Full-color copiers mayhave up to four individual color developing units containingfour different color toners.These colors are frequently cyan,magenta,yellow,and black.The original is scanned by meansof an analog system using a series of color filters or by meansof a digital scanning process.The full-color copier may requireup to four scans to read the original.The copier individuallyapplies one or more color toners to a transfer drum/belt orphotoconductor,or both,which is in turn deposited on thepaper.3.1.3 mono-component developmenta single componentdry toner used for developing electrostatic images in copiers(see Terminology F335).3.1.4 toner usageamount of toner(milligrams per copy)removed from the toner reservoir during the copy process.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A full-color copier is set up to standard operatingparameters and operated under a controlled job stream andenvironment for a length of time sufficient for stable perfor-mance(see Fig.1).A known,or estimated quantity of toner isused over the length of the test and this result along with thetotal number of copies generated is used to estimate the numberof copies produced per unit of toner.4.2 A full-color copier may have up to four individualdeveloping units containing up to four different color toners(usually cyan,magenta,yellow,and black).In some cases,theblack developing unit may be dual-component while the colordeveloping units may be mono-component(or vice versa).Thistest method is intended to address the toner yield of each typeof development systems(mono-or dual-component).5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate the perfor-mance of different toners in a common machine.It can also beused to evaluate the economics of toner usage when makingmachine-to-machine cost-per-copy comparisons.5.2 This test method provides only a point of estimate thatis subject to a significant number of variables that are not easily1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1424 92(2006).DOI:10.1520/F1424-92R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJF0875.Original adjunct produced in 1994.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJF1424.Original adjunct produced in 1992.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 measured.Toner-based imaging systems are not 100%effi-cient.Some toner is lost to the surroundings(inside or outsideof the copier).This loss may be significant enough to affect thetotal number of copies produced by a specific amount of toner.Anyone making a decision based on the results of this testmethod should carefully consider the accuracy of the resultsand other pertinent data.5.3 Actual use