ASTM_F_1455_-_92_2011.pdf

Designation:F145592(Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Guide forSelection of Structural Details for Ship Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1455;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe principal aim of this guide is to depict recommended practices related to the design of shipstructural details.The importance of structural details is clear:1)Their layout and fabrication represent a sizable fraction of hull construction costs.2)Details are often the source of cracks and other failures which,under certain circumstances,could lead to serious damage to the ship hull girder.3)The trend toward decreasing ship hull scantlings(that is,increasing average hull stresses)has thepotential of increasing the damage to details.4)Researchers have largely neglected the analysis of structural details at least in part because theconfiguration and purpose of these details vary greatly and are not commonly described or discussedin the literature.Due to lack of analytical and experimental effort devoted to structural details,their determinationhas been left up to draftsmen and designers,with very little engineering input.In two comprehensive reviews2,3of the performance of structural details,86 ships were surveyed.These included naval and commercial ship types.The commercial ships included both U.S.andforeign built.The vessels ranged from 428 to 847 feet in length,from 18,000 to 90,000 tons indisplacement,and from five to twenty-six years in age.The details obtained were grouped into 12typical families.Knife Edge Crossings(Family No.6)and Structural Deck Cutout Details(Family No.9)are shown but not covered in detail in this guide.The remaining ten detail families were furthercategorized into 53 groups comprising a total of 611 detail configurations.A number of theseconfigurations are very similar to others in detail geometry and such duplicates have been excludedfrom this guide.Anumber of others were eliminated because of relatively infrequent observed use.Asa result,a total of 414 details are included herein.However,all 611 details can be found in“StructuralDetails,”4if desired.In total,607,584 details were observed with a total of 6,856 failures.Failures were attributed to oneor a combination of five categories:design,fabrication,welding,maintenance,and operation(see 4.1through 4.1.5).This extensive,well documented research,together with engineering judgement,provides the principal support for this guide.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides a recommended list of selected shipstructure details for use in ship construction.1.2 Structural details which have failed in service and arenot recommended for use in ship construction are included aswell.1.3 This guide is intended to convey the lessons learned ondifferent configurations of ship structure details,not thedimensions,thickness,or construction methods which wouldresult from structural calculations.42.Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 Terms:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.01 onStructures.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published November 2011.Originallyapproved in 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1455-92(2007).DOI:10.1520/F1455-92R11.2Jordan,C.R.,and Cochran,C.S.,“In-service Performance of StructuralDetails,”SSC-272,Ship Structure Committee Report,March 1977,availablethrough the National Technical Information Service,Springfield,VA 22161.3Jordan,C.R.,and Knight,L.T.,“Further Survey of In-service Performance ofStructural Details,”SSC-294,Ship Structure Committee Report,May 1979,avail-able through the National Technical Information Service,Springfield,VA 22161.4Jordan,C.R.,and Krumpen,P.,Jr.,“Structural Details,”American WeldingSociety Welding Journal,Vol 63,No.1,January 1984.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.1.2 beam bracketa bracket at the end of framing orstiffening members that is used for increased strength,conti-nuity and end constraint.2.1.2.1 Discussionsee Fig.1.2.1.3 clearance cut-outsa hole or opening in a piercedmember to allow passage of a piercing member.2.1.3.1 Discussionsee Fig.2.2.1.4 gunwale connectionthe connection of the sheerstrake to the stringer strake of the uppermost deck of the hull.2.1.4.1 Discussionsee Fig.3.2.1.5 knife edge crossingthe projected point intersectionof members(plate members,stiffeners or bulkheads)onopposite sides of an intervening plate member.An undesirablecondition to be avoided.2.1.5.1 DiscussionIncluded for information only,see 3.1.2.1.5.2 Discussionsee Fig.4.2.1.6 miscellaneous cut-outs