ASTM_E_2916_-_13.pdf

Designation:E291613Standard Terminology forDigital and Multimedia Evidence Examination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2916;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This is a compilation of terms and correspondingdefinitions used in the examination of digital and multimediaevidence to include the areas of computer forensics,imageanalysis,video analysis,forensic audio,and facial identifica-tion.1.2 Legal or scientific terms that generally are understood ordefined adequately in other readily available sources may notbe included.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic ScienceE2808 Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Mea-surement in Forensic Paint Analysis2.2 ANSI/NIST Standards:3ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 Data Format for the Interchange ofFingerprint,Facial,and Other Biometric InformationNIST SP 800-86 Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniquesinto Incident ResponseNIST SP 800-88 Guidelines for Media Sanitization2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 9000 Quality ManagementISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 Standardization and Related Activi-ties General VocabularyISO/IEC 19794-5 Information Technology BiometricData Interchange Formats Part 5:Face Image Data2.4 IEEE Standards:5IEEE 100-2000 The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Stan-dards Terms,7th Edition2.5 ASCLD/LAB Publication:6ASCLD/LAB International Supplemental Requirements(Testing),2011 Edition3.Significance and Use3.1 This terminology includes general as well as discipline-specific definitions as they apply across the spectrum of imageanalysis,computer forensics,video analysis,forensic audio,and facial identification.4.Terminology:Terms and Definitions4.1 Definitions:achievable resolution,resolving power,nthe measure ofimaging systems practical limit to distinguish betweenseparate adjacent elements,typically by imaging a knownreference standard.acquisition,nin computer forensics,the process of using anaccess interface to read digital data from a digital source andto create a destination object.ad hoc image,nsee uncontrolled image.administrative review,na procedure used to check case-work for consistency with agency/laboratory policy andeditorial practice.allocated space,allocated storage,nin computer forensics,the portions of storage that are assigned or reserved foractive instructions or for data.IEEE 100-2000,(C)610.10-1994w1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 onForensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.12 onDigital and Multimedia Evidence.Current edition approved June 1,2013.Published July 2013.DOI:10.1520/E2916-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 1070,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-1070,http:/www.nist.gov.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.(IEEE),445 Hoes Ln.,Piscataway,NJ 08854,http:/www.ieee.org.6Available from American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors LaboratoryAccreditation Board(ASCLD/LAB),139 J Technology Drive,Garner,NC 27529,http:/www.ascld-lab.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 anthropometric analysis,nin facial identification,an ex-plicit measurement of landmarks on a face and a comparisonof these measurements between two samples.anti-forensics,nthe application of a process to modify,conceal or destroy information to inhibit or prevent theeffectiveness of forensic science examinations.archive,ndata stored for long-term availability and retrieval.archive,vto store data in a manner suitable for long-termavailability and retrieval.archive image,nin computer forensics,a bit stream dupli-cate of data placed on media that is suitable for long-termstorageartifact,na by-product,artificial feature,or change resultingfrom human activity or a technical process.(Comparenoise).DISCUSSIONExamples include speckles in a scanned picture,“blocking”in compressed images,distortion in over-saturated audio,and the automatic creation of temporary files due to normal usage of acomputer.aspect