ASTM_F_1557_-_94_2007.pdf

Designation:F155794(Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forFull Body Spinal Immobilization Devices(FBSID)Characteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1557;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe objective of this guide is to begin to address the recognized need to support and immobilize thecomponents of the spine or spinal cord.Although this guide does not quantitatively addressperformance standards for this device,it does address the characteristics of the device(s)used toprovide support and immobilization of the components of the central nervous system for the patientsuspected of receiving trauma to that body system.1.Scope1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices,designated here as full body spinal immobilization device(s)(FBSID),commonly known as long boards.The FBSID isdesigned to be used as the base structure for immobilizationand transport of a patient with potential spine or spinal cordinjury by emergency medical service personnel.1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limita-tion of motion achieved by placement of a FBSID on a patient.Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine,and,inparticular,the degree of limitation associated with the use of aFBSID,have not been established in the medical literature.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.2 Centers for Disease Control Standard:Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and HBVto Healthcare and Public Safety Workers32.3 OSHA Standard:29 CFR 1910.1030 Occupational Exposure to BloodbornePathogens;Final Rule43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 retention systema retention system is an adjunct toor an integral part of the primary platform that allows thepatient to be securely attached to that platform,used inwhatever configuration and size necessary to accomplish thegoal,while still allowing reasonable and necessary access tothe patient.3.1.2 spinal immobilizationspinal immobilization refersto immobilization of the entire spine and its contiguousstructures,the pelvis and skull.3.1.3 spinethe spine shall include the cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral vertebrae.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 directions of movementinclude flexion,extension,rotation,distraction,lateral motion,and axial compressionmotion.3.2.2 full body spinal immobilization device a platformupon which a patient can be secured,that will support theentire length and weight of the patient during immobilizationand transportation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.01 on EMSEquipment.Current edition approved Feb.1,2007.Published February 2007.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1557 94(2002).DOI:10.1520/F1557-94R07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Centers for Disease Control&Prevention(CDC),1600 CliftonRd.,Atlanta,GA 30333,http:/www.cdc.gov.4Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washington,DC,20402.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.3 immobilizationlimitation of motion.3.3 For definitions of other terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology F1177.4.Significance and Use4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristicswhich a FBSID shall possess.4.2 It is not expected that the FBSID will be used alone toprovide the entire scope of required immobilization.Clinicalsituations may require differing combinations of devices foradequate total spinal immobilization.A FBSID may be one ofthe devices.4.3 A device intended for use with adult patients shallaccommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.4.4 Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric useshall not be required to accommodate an adult.4.5 The device shall be able to be used by the practitioner inan ergonomically sound manner.5.Characteristics5.1 The FBSID,when lifted in accordance with manufac-turers instructions,shall support the 95th percentile adultAmerican male patient,full length in the supine position.5.2 The FBSID shall incorporate a means to accommodatethe ergon