ASTM_F_1559_-_94_2015.pdf

Designation:F155994(Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forCharacteristics for Cervical Spine Immobilization Collar(s)(CSIC)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1559;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe objective of this guide is to begin to address the recognized need to support and immobilize thecomponents of the spine or spinal cord.Although this guide does not quantitatively addressperformance standards for this device,it does address the characteristics of the device(s)used toprovide support and immobilization of the components of the central nervous system for the patientsuspected of receiving trauma to that body system.1.Scope1.1 This guide establishes minimum standards for devices,designated here as cervical spine immobilization collar(s)(CSIC),commonly referred to as cervical collars.The CSIC isused as the initial device for immobilization of the cervicalspine,of a patient by emergency medical service personnel.1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limita-tion of motion achieved by placement of a CSIC on a patient.Definitive requirements for immobilization of the spine,and,inparticular,the degree of limitation associated with the use of aCSIC,have not been established in the medical literature.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.2 Centers for Disease Control Standard:Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and HBVto Healthcare and Public Safety Workers32.3 OSHA Standard:29 CFR 1910.1030 Occupational Exposure to BloodbornePathogens;Final Rule43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 retention systema retention system is an adjunct toor an integral part of the primary platform that allows thepatient to be securely attached to that platform used inwhatever configuration and size necessary to accomplish thegoal,while still allowing reasonable and necessary access tothe patient.3.1.2 spinal immobilizationspinal immobilization shall re-fer to immobilization of the spine and its contiguous structures,the pelvis,and skull.3.1.3 spinethe spine shall include the cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral vertebrae.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cervical spine immobilization collara device thatcan be applied and secured to a patient to support andimmobilize the cervical spine during immobilization andtransportation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.01 on EMSEquipment.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1559 94(2007).DOI:10.1520/F1559-94R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Centers for Disease Control&Prevention(CDC),1600 CliftonRd.,Atlanta,GA 30333,http:/www.cdc.gov.4Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washington,DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.2 directions of movementdirections include flexion,extension,rotation,distraction,lateral motion,and axial com-pression motion.3.2.3 immobilizationlimitation of motion.3.3 For definitions of other terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology F1177.4.Significance and Use4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics thata CSIC shall possess.4.2 It is not expected that the CSIC will be used alone toprovide the entire scope of required immobilization.Clinicalsituations may require differing combinations of devices foradequate total spinal immobilization.A CSIC may be one ofthe devices.4.3 Various configurations or sizes,or both,may be requiredto accommodate variation amongst individuals.4.4 The CSIC shall be able to be used by the practitioner inan ergonomically sound manner.4.5 The CSIC is intended to provide stabilization,nottraction,and shall not be used to apply traction.5.Characteristics5.1 It shall allow X-ray to be taken through it and be MRIcompatible.5.2 It shall have a rapid,accurate,and easily usable methodfor size selection.5.3 Placement of the CSIC shall not require or causemovement of the head or neck,or both.5.4 ACSIC shall provide support in all directions