ASTM_F_1478_-_17.pdf

Designation:F147817Standard Test Method forDetermination of Abrasion Resistance of Images Producedfrom Copiers and Printers(Taber Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1478;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theamount of image abraded from the surface of a document.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate the abrasionresistance of images produced by business imaging products,including nonimpact printers,thermal transfer printers,andcopiers.The machine shall be capable of producing thespecified image.1.3 Testing focuses on determining the amount of imagedmaterial removed,resulting from forces which impart a rub-bing or grinding action principally on the top surface of theimage.1.4 Comparison may be made between various imagingdevices or the image-producing components of an individualmachine.1.5 Other test methods employing the Crockmeter andSutherland Rub Tester may be used to evaluate the smudge andabrasion characteristics.Results by these test methods are notnecessarily equivalent to those obtained by this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic CopyingF1319 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion andSmudge Resistance of Images Produced from BusinessCopy Products(Crockmeter Method)F1571 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion andSmudge Resistance of Images Produced from BusinessCopy Products(Sutherland Method)(Withdrawn 2017)3F2497 Practice for Abrasion and Scuff Resistance of InkjetMedia by the Sutherland Rub TesterG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a RotaryPlatform Abraser2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 5-3 Photography and graphic technology Densitymeasurements Part 3:Spectral conditionsISO 5-4 Photography and graphic technology Densitymeasurements Part 4:Geometric conditions for reflec-tion density2.3 ASTM Adjunct:Abrasion Test Target53.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions related to electrostaticcopying may be found in Terminology F335.3.1.1 abrasion resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand the frictional forces attempting to remove the surfacematerial.3.1.2 smudgethe tendency of an image to smear or streakonto the adjacent area when rubbed,involving the redepositionof abraded material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Aug.1,2017.Published August 2017.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F147806(2011).DOI:10.1520/F1478-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJF1478.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.1.3 smudge resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand smudging.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are generated of an image described inthis test method.Suitable hard copy Abrasion Test Targets foruse in copiers are available from ASTM.Abrasion test targetsmay be converted into digital files for use in computer printers.The specimens are abraded with a specif