ASTM_F_1442_-_92_2003.pdf

Designation:F 1442 92(Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forUsing a Copier or Printer as a Test Instrument forEvaluating Paper Performance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1442;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for utiliz-ing a copier or printer as an imaging device when performanceproperties of paper are to be determined.1.2 Copiers and printers are limited to those using theindirect electrophotographic process.1.3 The paper is limited to cut-sized office papers.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Appendix X1.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 3460 Specification for White,Watermarked and Unwa-termarked Bond,Mimeograph,Duplicator,and Xero-graphic Cut-Sized Office Papers2D 4825 Test Method for Measurement of Curl in Cut-SizedOffice Paper2D 5039 Test Methods for Identification of Wire Side ofPaper2F 335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic Copying2F 360 Practice for Image Evaluation of Electrostatic Busi-ness Copies2F 807 Practice for Determining Resolution Capability ofOffice Copiers2F 875 Test Method for Evaluation of Large Area Densityand Background on Office Copiers2F 909 Terminology Relating to Printers2F 995 Practice for Estimating Toner Usage in CopiersUtilizing Dry Two-Component Developer2F 1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact PrintingSystem23.Terminology3.1 For definitions used in this practice,see TerminologyF 335 and F 909.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 after image curlthe amount,direction,and axis ofcurl after imaging in a copier or printer,as determined by TestMethod D 4825.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe direction of curl is described as towhether it is toward the felt or wire side.This description aswell as the relationship to the image should be recorded,that is,toward or away from the image side.In the case of duplexing,the side imaged first should be recorded.3.2.2 before image curlthe amount,direction,and axis ofcurl before imaging as determined by Test Method D 4825.3.2.3 stickiea material,usually in the form of a smallspeck or spot,that because of its adhesive nature,can betransferred from the paper to the photoconductor where itattracts toner.This toner is subsequently transferred as un-wanted image to the paper.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the use of an electrophoto-graphic copier or printer as a test instrument to evaluate theperformance characteristics of cut sized office paper.4.2 Several image quality characteristics may be evaluatedthrough the use of the following applicable ASTM standards:Practice F 360,Practice F 807,Test Method F 875,and Prac-tice F 995,Terminology F 1125,or both.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice may be used to satisfy the requirements ofSpecification D 3460 when performance in the intended use ina printer or copier is required.5.2 Describing physical parameters of paper alone is notsufficient to ensure performance in a copier or printer.5.3 Curl,both before and after imaging,may effect copier orprinter performance.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.03 onResearch.Current edition approved Oct.15,1992.Published December 1992.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.5.4 The presence of contaminants in the paper that are tackyor thermoplastic,or both,may be transferred to the photocon-ductor or fuser rolls.They may cause an unwanted image.These are referred to as“stickies.”Some papers,especiallythose containing recycled fiber,have exhibited this problem.5.5 Transfer of ream sealing adhesive or ream wrapperlaminant to the photoconductor or fuser rolls can causeproblems similar to those described in 5.4.6.Interferences6.1 Many printers and copiers are subject to imaging systemvariations due to fluctuations in line voltage.Those problemscan be avoided by the use of a voltage stabilizing device orconducting the tests during the periods when line load is low orstabilized.6.2 In manufacturing cut-sized papers,it is common prac-tice to convert several rolls to sheets in a continuous operation.This results in possible variations from sheet to sheet w