ASTM_F_1291_-_16.pdf

Designation:F129116Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using aHeated Manikin1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1291;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe type of clothing worn by people directly affects the heat exchange between the human body andthe environment.The heat transfer is both sensible(conduction,convection,and radiation)and latent(evaporation).The insulation provided by a clothing ensemble is dependent upon the designs andmaterials used in the component garments,the amount of body surface area covered by the clothing,the distribution of the layers over the body,looseness or tightness of fit,and the increased surface areafor heat loss.Insulation measurements made on fabrics alone do not take these factors into account.Measurements of the resistance to dry heat loss provided by clothing can be used to determine thethermal comfort or stress of people in cold to comfortable environments(see Practice F2732,ASHRAE 55-2013,and ISO 7730:2005).However,the moisture permeability of clothing is moreimportant in environmental conditions where heat balance can only be achieved by the evaporation ofsweat.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insu-lation value of clothing ensembles.It describes the measure-ment of the resistance to dry heat transfer from a heatedmanikin to a relatively calm,cool environment.Information onmeasuring the local thermal resistance values for individualgarments and ensembles is provided in Annex A1.1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothingmeasurement on a standing manikin.1.1.2 The effects of body position and movement are notaddressed in this test method.1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the par-ticular ensembles evaluated and for the specified environmen-tal conditions of each test,particularly with respect to airmovement.1.3 The values stated in either clo or SI units are to beregarded separately as standard.Within the text,the SI units areshown in parentheses.The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used inde-pendently of the other.1.4 The evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble canbe measured in accordance with Test Method F2370.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1518 Test Method for Thermal Resistance of BattingSystems Using a Hot PlateE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-tance of Clothing Using a Sweating ManikinF2732 Practice for Determining the Temperature Ratings forCold Weather Protective Clothing2.2 ASHRAE Standards:3ASHRAE 55-2013 Thermal Environmental Conditions forHuman Occupancy1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.60 on Human Factors.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published October 2016.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F1291-15.DOI:10.1520/F1291-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Heating,Refrigerating,and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.(ASHRAE),1791 Tullie Circle,NE,Atlanta,GA30329,http:/www.ashrae.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 7730:2005 ModerateThermalEnvironmentsDetermination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specifi-cation of the Conditions for Thermal ComfortISO 9920:2007 Ergonomics of the Thermal EnvironmentEstimation of the Thermal Insulation and EvaporationResistance of a Clothing Ensemble3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 clo,nunit of thermal resistance(insulation)equal to0.155 K m2/W.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe value of the clo was selected asroughly the insulation value of typical indoor clothing,whichshould keep a resting man(producing heat at the rate of 58W/m2)comfortable in an environment at 21C,air movement0.1 m/s.3.1.2 clothing area factor(fcl),nthe ratio of the surfacearea of the clothed body to the surface area of the nude body.3.1.3 clothing ensemble,na group of garments worntogether on the body at the same time.3.1.4 thermal