ASTM_F_1571_-_95_2008.pdf

Designation:F157195(Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance ofImages Produced from Business Copy Products(SutherlandMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1571;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theamount of image transferred from one site and redeposited atanother site(smudge)on a document.The Sutherland Ink RubTester2with 4-lb(1.82-kg)test block is the test instrument forproducing the transfer and either a reflectometer or densitom-eter is employed for measuring the change in images.Alternatively,a visual rating order can be employed to estab-lish a ranking order.The degree to which the original image isunaltered upon rubbing is considered to be the abrasionresistance.1.2 This test method can be employed to evaluate thesmudge resistance of business imaging products produced bytypewriters,and impact printers.1.3 This test method can also be employed to measureperformance characteristics for a product.The user shouldselect test equipment that is appropriate for measuring thedegree of abrasion to the samples.Samples are tested beforeand after rubbing and comparisons of results made.In this testmethod product performance evaluations are optional.1.4 Other test methods employing the Crockmeter,TaberAbrader,and Gavarti GA-C.A.T.can be employed to evaluatethe smudge and abrasion characteristics.Results by these unitsare not necessarily equivalent to those obtained with theSutherland.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D5264 Practice forAbrasion Resistance of Printed Materialsby the Sutherland Rub TesterF149 Terminology Relating to Optical Character Recogni-tionF221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test InstrumentF909 Terminology Relating to PrintersF1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact PrintingSystemsF1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as aTest InstrumentF1175 Practice for Using the Computer Impact Print-OutUnit as a Test Instrument for Manifold ComparisonF1319 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion andSmudge Resistance of Images Produced from BusinessCopy Products(Crockmeter Method)F1443 Practice for Using 0.008-in.(0.203-mm)ApertureReflectometers as Test Instruments for Measuring VisualImage Quality of Business Copy Images2.2 ANSI Standard:CGATS.4 Graphic Technology Graphic Arts ReflectionDensitometry MeasurementsTerminology,Equations,Image Elements and Procedures41This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 on InkedTransfer Imaging Products.Current edition approved Jan.1,2008.Published February 2008.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1571 95(2002).DOI:10.1520/F1571-95R08.2The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis James River Corp.,Mechanical Services Dept.,243 E.Paterson Street,Kalamazoo,MI 49007.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasion resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand the frictional force attempting to remove the surfacematerial.3.1.2 smudgethe tendency of an image to smear or streakonto an adjacent area when rubbed.Smudge involves theredeposition of abraded material.3.1.3 smudge resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand smudging.3.1.4 General definitions relating to terms employed in thistest method can be found in Terminology F149(opticalcharacter recognition),Terminology F221(carbo