ASTM_F_1042_-_87_2004.pdf

Designation:F 1042 87(Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forEstimating Toner and Dispersant Usage in Copiers UtilizingLiquid Developers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1042;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for estimating thenumber of copies that can be produced for a given unit of toner,and a given unit of dispersant in a copier utilizing liquiddeveloper.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic CopyingF 596 Practice for Comparative Evaluation of the ImagingProperties of Dry Electrostatic TonersF 875 Test Method for Evaluation of Large Area Densityand Background on Office CopiersF 995 Test Method for Estimating Toner Usage in CopiersUtilizing Dry Two-Component Developer3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dispersantan organic liquid in a liquid developersystem that conveys toner particles.(See Terminology F 335.)3.1.2 dispersant usageamount of dispersant(milligramsper copy)removed from the system during the copyingprocess.3.1.3 liquid tonera toner dispersed in an organic liquidcarrier used for developing electrostatic images in copiers.3.1.4 toner usageamount of toner(milligrams per copy)removed from the system during the copying process.4.Summary of Practice4.1 A copier is set up to standard operating parameters andoperated under a controlled job stream and environment for alength of time sufficient for stable performance.A known orestimated quantity of toner and dispersant used to replenish thetoner bath over the length of the test,along with the totalnumber of copies generated,is used to estimate the number ofcopies produced per unit of toner and per unit of dispersant.5.Significance and Use5.1 This practice can be used to evaluate the performance ofdifferent lots of toner in a common machine.It can also be usedto evaluate the economics of toner and dispersant usage whenmaking machine-to-machine comparisons.5.2 This practice provides only a point estimate that issubject to a significant number of variables that are not easilymeasured.Those making decisions based on the results of thispractice should carefully consider the accuracy of the resultsand other pertinent data.5.3 Actual use of the copier in normal operating conditionswill most likely result in toner and dispersant usage valuesdifferent from those generated using this practice.6.Interferences6.1 Variations in toner usage can occur for many of thefollowing reasons:machine adjustments,operating environ-ment,varying use of special copy controls,number of copieson photoconductor and toner bath,variations in copy paper,operator variability,batch-to-batch toner variability,machine-to-machine variability,and use of different area of coverage oforiginal documents.6.2 Machine-to-machine comparisons should be made,ifpossible,with the same manufacturing lot of toner and dispers-ant.6.3 The test conditions used when making comparisonsbetween machines or toners should be carefully considered andwell documented.6.4 The test must be controlled as described in this practice.Acasual use of the copier during the test may affect the results.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessCopy Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Copy Products.Current edition approved May 15,1987.Published July 1987.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.5 The toner and dispersant usage estimated with thispractice may not accurately predict actual field results.Actualresults will depend not only on those listed in 6.1 but on anumber of additional variables:type of originals used(percentarea of coverage),machine and service variability,users imagequality requirements,and number of copies per original.7.Apparatus7.1 Refer to Test Method F 875 for required instruments.7.2 Balance,reading to the nearest tenth of a gram.8.Reagents and Materials8.1 Sufficient quantities of paper,toner,dispersant andphotoconductor,to run the evaluation.(See 10.7.)8.2 Test Targets:8.2.1 Chart for 4%CoverageAs shown in Fig.1 of TestMethod F 995.38.2.2 Chart for 8