ASTM_F_1125_-_87_2011.pdf

Designation:F112587(Reapproved 2011)Standard Terminology ofImage Quality in Impact Printing Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1125;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology presents a means to accurately de-scribe the quality of impact printed images.This includes anup-to-date glossary and a description of probable causes forspecific phenomena that relate to image quality.Illustrations tocomplement the definitions of copy quality terms are included.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F149 Terminology Relating to Optical Character Recogni-tionF221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF909 Terminology Relating to Printers3.Significance and Use3.1 This terminology includes terms developed and ap-proved by impact printing systems manufacturers,suppliesmanufacturers,and end users to describe most image qualityparameters concerning impact printed images.3.2 This terminology is intended to aid in general commu-nications on impact printer copy quality parameters andprovide a partial trouble shooting list,when less than accept-able copy quality is obtained.4.Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard4.1 character spread amount of change of a characterwidth greater or less than the original character width on thetype element,printwheel,or hammer(see Fig.1).4.2 correctability measure of image removal or cover-upby typing over with correction tapes or tabs(see Fig.2).4.3 edge definition degree of waviness along the edge oftype characters(see Fig.3).4.4 extraneous ink and spatter the presence of ribbon inkwhere no images should be present.This ink cannot beremoved by wiping lightly(see Fig.4).4.5 fill-inpresence of ribbon ink in an area of a printedcharacter that should be void of ink(see Fig.5).4.6 flaking or bridgingpresence of loose ribbon coatingmaterial attached to a character or in nonimage areas whichmay or may not be removed by lightly wiping.These flakesmay also appear in ribbon cartridges and as dirt in the machinebeing used(see Fig.6).4.7 over-strike a void on a printed character due tostriking over the same area of the ribbon as the previouscharacter when using a single strike ribbon(see Fig.7).4.8 smudgetendency of a typed image to streak on toadjacent nonimage area when rubbed(see Fig.8).4.9 spalling or hangerspresence of loose ribbon coatingmaterial attached to a character which may be removed bywiping lightly.Smears may result if the loose material isdisturbed,especially when encountered on multistrike ribbons(see Fig.9).4.10 visual density the relative darkness of impact printedcharacters as judged by the eye(see Fig.10).4.11 voids or broken characters absence of ink withincharacter outline(see Fig.11).NOTE1Additional terms may be found in Terminologies F149,F221,and F909.5.Interpretation5.1 The probable cause of obtaining less than acceptablecopy quality could be one or more of the defects listed inSection 4,or a cause(s)not currently listed,or both.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 onBusiness Imaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.01on Nomenclature and Definitions.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F112587(2006).DOI:10.1520/F1125-87R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 NOTE1See 4.1 for a description of this term.Probable causes are asfollows:(1)Amount of ink on ribbon,(2 Ink formulation,(3)Type of ribbon(for example,single strike correctable or multistrike),(4)Type of paper used,(5)Type font used,(6)Condition of the type element,printwheel,or hammer(for example,worn ordirty),(7)Condition of the typewriter platen roll;and(8)Hammer energy used.FIG.1 Character SpreadUncorrectedlower case“o”Poor machineregistrationExcessive characterspreadGood correction,no visible imageNOTE1See 4.2 for a description of this term.Probable causes are asfollows:(1)Rough,cockle,or heavy laid paper surfaces,(2)Poor lift-off or cover-up material,(3)Excessive hammer energy,(4)Excessive coating on ribbon,(5)Poor machine registration during overprinting withcorrection tape tab,(6)Paper not in uniform contact with the platen roll,(7)Platen roll needs reconditioning or replacement,(8)Wrong type of correction material for ribbon used,(9)Excessive line spread due to worn printwheel,and(10)Noncorrectable ribbon used