ASTM_F_1478_-_06_2011.pdf

Designation:F147806(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Abrasion Resistance of Images Producedfrom Copiers and Printers(Taber Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1478;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theamount of image abraded from the surface of a document.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate the abrasionresistance of images produced by business imaging products,including nonimpact printers,thermal transfer printers,andcopiers.The machine shall be capable of producing thespecified image.1.3 Testing focuses on determining the amount of imagedmaterial removed,resulting from forces which impart a rub-bing or grinding action principally on the top surface of theimage.1.4 Comparison may be made between various imagingdevices or the image-producing components of an individualmachine.1.5 Other test methods employing the Crockmeter(TestMethod F1319),Sutherland Rub Tester,and Gavarti GA-CATmay be employed to evaluate the smudge and abrasioncharacteristics.Results by these test methods are not necessar-ily equivalent to those obtained by this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic ImagingF1319 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion andSmudge Resistance of Images Produced from BusinessCopy Products(Crockmeter Method)2.2 ANSI Standards:PH2.17 Density MeasurementsGeometric Conditions forReflection Density3PH2.18 Density MeasurementsSpectral Conditions32.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Abrasion Test Target43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions related to electrostaticcopying may be found in Terminology F335.3.2 abrasion resistancethe ability of an image to with-stand the frictional forces attempting to remove the surfacematerial.3.3 smudgethe tendency of an image to smear or streakonto the adjacent area when rubbed,involving the redepositionof abraded material.3.4 smudge resistancethe ability of an image to withstandsmudging.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are generated of an image described inthis test method.Suitable hard copy targets for use in copiersand computer program diskettes for use in computer printersare available from ASTM.The specimens are abraded with aspecified instrument and evaluated by visual comparison orreflectance measurements,or both.5.Significance and Use5.1 The degree of image abraded from a copy or printedimage may be affected by various factors,including the type ofmachine,condition of the machine,supplies employed,timesince imaging,and environmental conditions.As many aspossible of these variables should be controlled during the test.If available,a control sample with known characteristicsshould be run along with the test samples.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F147806.DOI:10.1520/F1478-06R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute,25 W.43rd St.,4thFloor,New York,NY 10036.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No.ADJF1478.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 This test method may be used to determine imageresistance to damage or deterioration as a result of exposure toabrasive forces,such as automated document handling devices.5.3 This test method may be used for control of productquality,comparative analysis of machines,comparative analy-sis of imaging components,as well as a research and develop-ment tool.5.4 This test method is adaptable to images produced frommost nonimpact printers and copiers.The printers shall becapable of utilizing the available program to produce thespecified image.5.5 If the user wishes to simulate the type of damage orsmudge resulting from paper rubbing against the printed imageor from normal handling,consideration should be given tousing either the Crockmeter Method(Test Method F1319),theSutherland Rub Method,or the Gavarti GA-CAT Method.