ASTM_A_578_A_578M-17.pdf

Designation:A578/A578M-17NTERNATIONALStandard Specification forStraight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Platesfor Special ApplicationsThis standard is issued under the fixed designation A578/A578M:the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope2.Referenced Documents1.1 This specification2 covers the procedure and acceptance2.1 ASTM Standards:3standards for straight-beam,pulse-echo,ultrasonic examina-A263 Specification for Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Platetion of rolled carbon and alloy steel plates,3 in.10 mminA264 Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-thickness and over,for special applications.The method willClad Platedetect internal discontinuities parallel to the rolled surfacesA265 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-CladThree levels of acceptance standards are provided.Supplemen-Steel Platetary requirements are provided for alternative procedures.E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance withUltrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systemsthis specification shall be qualified and certified in accordancewithout the Use of Electronic Measurement Instrumentswith the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsTC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard.An equivalentE2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics ofstandard is one which covers the qualification and certificationPhased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systemsof ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which2.2 ANSI Standard:4is acceptable to the purchaser.B 46.1 Surface Texture1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units2.3 ASNT Standard:5are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated inSNT-TC-1Aeach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combining3.Terminologyvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformance3.1 Definitions-For definitions of terms relating to nonde-with the standard.structive examinations used in this specification,refer to1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of theTerminology E1316.safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-4.Ordering Informationpriate safery,health,and environmental practices and deter-4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-4.1.1 Acceptance level requirements(Sections 8,9,and 10).dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-Acceptance Level B shall apply unless otherwise agreed to bypurchaser and manufacturer.ization established in the Decision on Principles for the4.1.2 Any additions to the provisions of this specification asDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-prescribed in 6.2,14.1,and Section 11.mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.4.1.3 Supplementary requirements,if any.This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel.3 For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org.orStainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitteecontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMA01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.Standards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onCurrent edition approved Nov.1.2017.Published November 2017.Originallythe ASTM website.approved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A578/A578M-07Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSD).25 W.43rd St.(2012).D0L:10.1520/A0578A0578M-17.4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications,see related Specifi-3 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT),P.O.Boxcation SA-578/SA-578M in Section II of that Code.28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.Columbus,OH 43228-0518.http:/www.asnt.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardA578/A578M-17the plate to be examined if they can be located withoutS9.4 Reference Reflectors-The T/4,T12,and 3T/4 deep flatinterfering with the use of the plate,in a prolongation of thebottom holes shall be used to calibrate the equipment,where Tplate to be examined,or in a reference block of the sameis the thickness of the plate.The flat bottom hole diameter shallnominal composition,and thermal treatment as the plate to bebe in accordance with Table S9.1.The flat bottoms of the holesexamined.The surface of the reference block shall be no bettershall be within 1 of parallel to the examination surface.Theto the unaided eye than the plate surface to be examined.Theholes may be drilled in the plate to be examined if they can bereference block shall be of the same nominal thickness(withinlocated without interfering with the use of the plate,in a75 to 125 or 1 in.25 mmof the examined plate,prolongation of the plate to be examined,or in a referencewhichever is less)and shall have acoustical properties similarblock of the same nominal composition and thermal treatmentto the examined plate.Acoustical similarity is presumed when,as the plate to be examined.The surface of the reference blockwithout a change in instrument setting,comparison of the backshall be no better to the unaided eye than the plate surface toreflection signals between the reference block and the exam-be examined.The reference block shall be of the same nominalined plate shows a variation of 25 or less.thickness(within 75 to 125 or 1 in.25 mmof theS8.4 Calibration Procedure:examined plate,whichever is less)and shall have acousticalS8.4.1 Couple and position the search unit for maximumproperties similar to the examined plate.Acoustical similarityamplitudes from the reflectors at 774,772,and 3774.Set theis presumed when,without a change in instrument setting.instrument to produce a 75+5%of full scale indication fromcomparison of the back reflection signals between the referencethe reflector giving the highest amplitude.block and the examined plate shows a variation of 25 or less.S8.4.2 Without changing the instrument setting,couple andS9.5 Calibration Procedure:position the search unit over each of the holes and mark on theS9.5.1 Couple and position the search unit for maximumscreen the maximum amplitude from each hole and eachamplitudes from the reflectors at T/4,T/2,and 37/4.Set theminimum remaining back reflection.instrument to produce a 75 5 of full-scale indication fromS8.4.3 Mark on the screen half the vertical distance from thethe reflector giving the highest amplitude.A-scan base line to each maximum amplitude hole mark.S9.5.2 Without changing the instrument setting,couple andConnect the maximum amplitude hole marks and extend theposition the search unit over each of the holes and mark on theline through the thickness for the 100 DAC(distancescreen the maximum amplitude from each of the holes.amplitude correction curve).Similarly connect and extend theS9.5.3 Mark on the screen half the vertical distances fromhalf maximum amplitude marks for the 50 DAC.the sweep line to each maximum amplitude hole mark.Alternatively,when time-corrected gain(TCG)is used,theConnect the maximum amplitude hole marks and extend theresponses from the flat bottom holes shall be equalized at 75%line through the thickness for the 100 DAC(distancescreen height(5%)and the half-amplitude noted.amplitude correction curve).Similarly connect and extend theS8.5 Recording:half maximim amplitude marks for the 50%DAC.S8.5.1 Record all areas where the remaining back reflectionAlternatively,when time-corrected gain(TCG)is used,theis smaller than the highest of the minimum remaining backresponses from the flat bottom holes shall be equalized at 75%reflections found in S8.4.2.screen height(5%and the half-amplitude noted.S8.5.2 Record all areas where indications exceed 50%S9.6 Scanning-Scanning shall cover 100 of one majorDAC or 50 TCG.plate surface,with the search unit being indexed between eachS8.5.3 Where recordable conditions listed in S8.5.1 andpass such that there is at least 15 overlap of adjoining passesS8.5.2 are detected along a given grid line,continuously scanin order to assure adequate coverage for locating discontinui-the entire surface area of the squares adjacent to the conditiontiesand record the boundaries or extent of each recordable condi-S9.7 Recording-Record all areas where the back reflectiontion.drops below the 50 DAC or 50 TCG.If the drop in back$8.6 Scanning shall be in accordance with 6.6.reflection is not accompanied by other indications on theS8.7 The acceptance levels of Section 8 or 9 shall apply asscreen,recondition the surface in the area and reexaminespecified by the purchaser except that the recordable conditionultrasonically.If the back reflection is still below 50%DAC.shall be as given in S8.5.the loss may be due to the metallurgical structure of thematerial being examined.The material shall be held forS9.Ultrasonic Examination of Electroslag Remelted(ESR)metallurgical review by the purchaser and manufacturer.and Vacuum-Arc Remelted(VAR)Plates,from 1 to 16S9.8 Acceptance Standards-Any indication that exceedsin.25 to 400 mmin Thickness,Using Flat-Bottomthe 100 DAC or 100 TCG shall be considered unaccept-Hole Calibration and Distance-Amplitude Correctionsable.The manufacturer may reserve the right to discussS9.1 The material to be examined must have a surface finishof 200 uin.5 umas maximum for plates up to 8 in.200 mmlTABLE S9.1 Calibration Hole Diameter as a Function of Platethick.inclusive,and 250 uin.6 umas maximum for platesThickness(S9)over 8 to 16 in.200 to 400 mmthick.1-44-88-1212-16S9.2 Use the following procedures in place of 6.6.1,6.6.2,Plate Thickness,in.【mm25-1001b100-20020-300300-4006.6.3,and Section 7.Hole Diameter,in.mmv 346%10213S9.3 The transducer shall be in accordance with 5.3.46A578/A578M-17rejectable ultrasonically examined material with the purchaser,the object being the possible repair of the ultrasonicallyindicated defect before rejection of the plate.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A578/A578M-07(2012)that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved Nov.1,2017.)(1)Added Section 3,Terminology,and renumbered subsequent(2)Revised throughout to include phased array technology.sections accordingly.ASTM Intemational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or serviceastm.org(e-mail);or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center,222Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,Tel:(978)646-2600;http:/