ASTM_A_435_A_435M-17.pdf

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recegnized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.Designation:A435/A435M-17NTERNATIONALStandard Specification forStraight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel PlatesThis standard is issued under the fixed designation A435/A435M:the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or.in the case of revision.the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of1.1 This specification2 covers the procedure and acceptanceUltrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systemsstandards for straight-beam,pulse-echo,ultrasonic examina-without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instrumentstion of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates,2 in.E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations12.5 mmand over in thickness.It was developed to assureE2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics ofdelivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuitiesPhased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systemssuch as pipe,ruptures,or laminations and is to be used2.2 ASNT Documents:4whenever the inquiry,contract,order,or specification statesASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnelthat the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with3.Terminologythis specification shall be qualified and certified in accordancewith the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-3.1 Definitions-For definitions of terms relating to nonde-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard.An equivalentstructive examinations used in this specification,refer tostandard is one which covers the qualification and certificationTerminology E1316.of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and whichis acceptable to the purchaser.4.Apparatus1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonicare to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,theequipment and qualified personnel necessary for performingthe test.The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beamSI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in eachtype.The transducer is normally 1 to 1%in.25 to 30 mminsystem are not exact equivalents,therefore,each system mustdiameter or 1 in.25 mmsquare;however,any transducerbe used independently of the other.Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-having a minimum active area of 0.7 in.2 450 mm2may beused,including phased-array probes using an equivalent activecation.aperture.The test shall be performed by one of the following1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-methods:direct contact,immersion,or liquid column coupling.dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating andDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-pinpointing indications.mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical4.3 Vertical or horizontal linearity or both shall be checkedBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.in accordance with Practice E317,Guide E2491,or anotherprocedure approved by the users of this specification.An2.Referenced Documentsacceptable linearity performance may be agreed upon by the2.1 ASTM Standards:3manufacturer and purchaser.5.Test ConditionsThis specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee5.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operationsA01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.Current edition approved Nov.1.2017.Published November 2017.Originallyapproved in 1959.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A435/5.2 Clean and smooth the plate surface sufficiently toA435M-90(2012).D0:10.1520/A0435A0435M-17.maintain a reference back reflection from the opposite side of2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications,see related Specifi-cations SA-435/SA-435M in Section II of that Code.the plate at least 50 of the full scale during scanning.3 For referenced ASTM standards.visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page on4 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT),P.O.Boxthe ASTM website.28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,https:/www.asnt.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Intemational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700.West Conshohocken.PA 19428-2959.United States1license with ASTMNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for Resale,12/03/2017 04:32-22 MSTA435/A435M-175.3 The surface of plates inspected by this method may be6.6 Where grid scanning is performed and complete loss ofexpected to contain a residue of oil or rust or both.Anyback reflection accompanied by continuous indications isspecified identification which is removed when grinding todetected along a given grid line,the entire surface area of theachieve proper surface smoothness shall be restored.squares adjacent to this indication shall be scanned.Whereparallel path scanning is performed and complete loss of back6.Procedurereflection accompanied by continuous indications is detected.6.1 Ultrasonic examination shall be made on either majorthe entire surface area of a 9 by 9-in.225 by 225-mmsquaresurface of the plate.Acceptance of defects in close proximitycentered on this indication shall be scanned.The true bound-may require inspection from the second major surface.Platesaries where this condition exists shall be established in eitherordered in the quenched and tempered condition shall be testedmethod by the following technique:Move the transducer awayfollowing heat treatment.from the center of the discontinuity until the heights of the backreflection and discontinuity indications are equal.Mark the6.2 A nominal test frequency of 24 MHz is recommended.plate at a point equivalent to the center of the transducer.Thickness,grain size,or microstructure of the material andRepeat the operation to establish the boundary.nature of the equipment or method may require a higher orlower test frequency.However,frequencies less than 1 MHz7.Acceptance Standardsmay be used only on agreement with the purchaser.A clear,7.1 Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of backeasily interpreted A-scan should be produced during thereflection which cannot be contained within a circle,theexamination.diameter of which is 3 in.75 mmor one half of the plate6.3 Conduct the examination with a test frequency andthickness,whichever is greater,is unacceptable.instrument adjustment that will produce a minimum 50 to a7.2 The manufacturer reserves the right to discuss rejectablemaximum 75 of full scale reference back reflection from theultrasonically tested plates with the purchaser with the objectopposite side of a sound area of the plate.of possible repair of the ultrasonically indicated defect before6.4 Scanning shall be continuous along perpendicular gridrejection of the plate.lines on nominal 9-in.225-mmcenters,or at the manufac-7.3 The purchasers representative may witness the test.turers option,shall be continuous along parallel paths,trans-8.Markingverse to the major plate axis,on nominal 4-in.100-mmcenters,or shall be continuous along parallel paths parallel to8.1 Plates accepted in accordance with this specificationthe major plate axis,on 3-in.75-mmor smaller centers.Ashall be identified by stamping or stenciling UT 435 adjacent tosuitable couplant such as water,soluble oil,or glycerin,shallmarking required by the material specification.be used.9.Keywords6.5 Scanning lines shall be measured from the center or one9.1 nondestructive testing;pressure containing parts;pres-corner of the plate.An additional path shall be scanned withinsure vessel steels;steel plate for pressure vessel applications;2 in.50 mmof all edges of the plate on the scanning surface.steel plates:straight-beam:ultrasonic examinationsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following shall apply only if specified in the order:S1.Instead of the scanning procedure specified by 6.4 andshall be continuous along parallel paths,transverse or parallel6.5,and as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser,to the major plate axis,with not less than 10%overlap100 of one major plate surface shall be scanned.Scanningbetween each path.2No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for Resale,12/03/2017 04:32-22 MST