ASTM_E_2868_-_13.pdf

Designation:E286813Standard Digital Reference Images forSteel Castings up to 2 in.(50.8 mm)in Thickness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2868;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These digital reference images illustrate variouscategories,types,and severity levels of discontinuities occur-ring in steel castings that have section thicknesses up to 2 in.(50.8 mm).The digital reference images are an adjunct to thisstandard and must be purchased separately from ASTMInternational,if needed(see 2.3).Categories and severitylevels for each discontinuity type represented by these digitalreference images are described in 1.2.NOTE1The basis of application for these reference images requires aprior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributesand acceptance criteria as described in Sections 4,6,and 7 of thisstandard.1.2 These digital reference images consist of three separatevolumes(see Note 2)as follows:(I)medium voltage(nominal250-kV)X rays,(II)1-MV X rays and Iridium-192 radiation,and(III)2-MV to 4-MV X rays and Cobalt-60 radiation.Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement(see 1.1),each volume is for comparison only with productiondigital images produced with radiation energy levels within thethickness range covered by this standard.Each volume consistsof six categories of graded discontinuities of increasing sever-ity level and four categories of ungraded discontinuities.Reference images containing ungraded discontinuities areprovided as a guide for recognition of a specific castingdiscontinuity type where severity levels are not needed.Thefollowing is a list of discontinuity categories,types,andseverity levels for the adjunct digital reference images of thisstandard:1.2.1 Category A Gas porosity;severity levels 1 through5.1.2.2 Category B Sand and slag inclusions;severity levels1 through 5.1.2.3 Category C Shrinkage;4 types:1.2.3.1 Calinear shrinkage Severity levels 1 through 5.1.2.3.2 Cbfeathery shrinkage Severity levels 1 through 5.1.2.3.3 Ccsponge shrinkage Severity levels 1 through 5.1.2.3.4 Cdcombinations of linear,feathery,and spongeshrinkage Severity levels 1 through 5.1.2.4 Category DCrack;1 illustration.1.2.5 Category EHot Tear;1 illustration.1.2.6 Category FInsert;1 illustration.1.2.7 Category GMottling;1 illustration.(See Note 3.)NOTE2The digital reference images consist of the following:Volume I:Medium Voltage(nominal 250-kVp)X-Ray Reference Images Set of 34 illustrations.Volume II:1-MV X Rays and Iridium-192 Reference Images Set of 34illustrations.Volume III:2-MV to 4-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 Reference Images Setof 34 illustrations.NOTE3Although Category G Mottling is listed for all threevolumes,the appearance of mottling is dependent on the level of radiationenergy.Mottling appears reasonably prominent in Volume I;however,because of the higher radiation energy levels mottling may not be apparentin Volume II nor Volume III.1.3 All areas of this standard may be open to agreementbetween the cognizant engineering organization and thesupplier,or specific direction from the cognizant engineeringorganization.These items should be addressed in the purchaseorder or the contract.1.4 These digital reference images are not intended toillustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in steelcastings up to 2 in.(50.8 mm)in thickness when performingfilm radiography.If performing film radiography of steelcastings up to 2 in.(50.8 mm)in thickness,refer to ReferenceRadiographs E446.1.5 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall beutilized for production inspection.A copy of the ASTM/Userlicense agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.(SeeNote 4.)NOTE4Each volume of digital reference images consists of 7 digitaldata files,software to load the desired format and specific instructions onthe loading process.The 34 reference images in each volume illustrate sixcategories of graded discontinuities and four categories of ungradeddiscontinuities and contain an image of a step wedge.Available fromASTM International Headquarters,Order No:RRE2868.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 onReference Radiological Images.Current edition approved Dec.1,2013.Published December 2013.Originallyapproved in 2013.DOI:10.1520/E2868-13Copyright ASTM International,100