ASTM_B_328_-_96_2003e1.pdf

Designation:B 328 96(Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Test Method forDensity,Oil Content,and Interconnected Porosity ofSintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-ImpregnatedBearings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 328;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTESection 9 was editorially updated in July 2006.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the density,oilcontent,and interconnected porosity of sintered bearings andstructural parts with or without oil impregnation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyD 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD 1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density(SpecificGravity),or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy(P/M)terms can befound in Terminology B 243.Additional descriptive informa-tion is available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 ofthe Annual Book of ASTM Standards.4.Significance and Use4.1 The volume of an arbitrary P/M shape cannot beaccurately measured by standard techniques such as by mi-crometers or calipers.Since density is mass/volume,a precisemethod to measure the volume is needed.For nonporousobjects,the volume of water displaced by the immersed objectis determined by Archimedes principle.For porous P/M parts,a method is required to seal surface connected pores.If thepores are not sealed or the part is not oil impregnated,the partwill absorb some of the water and decrease its buoyancy andexhibit an erroneously high density.4.2 Density and oil content values are generally contained inthe specifications for oil-impregnated bearings and other self-lubricating P/M parts.Desired lubrication requires sufficientinterconnected porosity and satisfactory oil impregnation of theporosity.4.3 For a particular P/M material,the mechanical propertiesof P/M structural parts are directly related to their density.Density values are therefore generally contained in the speci-fications for P/M parts.5.Apparatus5.1 Analytical Balance,of sufficient capacity and accurateto 0.01%of the test specimen mass.5.2 Device for weighing the test piece in air and in liquid(water);the water is distilled or deionized and preferablydegassed.A wetting agent3is added to the water,0.05 to 0.1%by weight,to reduce surface tension effects.5.3 Soxhlet Extractor,with oil solvent.Extractors may bepurchased from most laboratory supply companies.45.4 Apparatus for vacuum impregnation of the test piecewith oil.5.5 Beaker and Wires,of various sizes.A wire basket maybe used in place of wires(see Figs.1 and 2).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved April 10,2003.Published June 2003.Originallyapproved in 1958.Last previous edition approved in 1996 as B 328 96.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Kodak Photo-Flo 200,available from Momentum Graphics,400 D.Pierce St.,Somerset,NJ 08873,or its equivalent,has been found suitable.4Extractors may be purchased from Fisher Scientific,585 Alpha Drive,Pitts-burgh,PA15238;Cole-Parmer,7425 North OakAve.,Niles,IL 60714;V.W.R.,P.O.Box 15646,Philadelphia,PA 19105-5645;or Thomas Scientific,P.O.Box 99,Swedesboro,NJ 08085-6099.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Thu Apr 16 04:44:11 EDT 2009Downloaded/printed byLaurentian University pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.5.6 ThermometerCapable of reading temperature in therange of 10 to 38C(50 to 100F)to an accuracy of 0.5C(1F).5.7 Lubricant,of 20 to 65 cSt(100 to 300 SSU)at 38C(100F).6.Test Specimen6.1 The specimen mass shall be a minimum of 1.0 g.Several specimens may be used to reach the minimum mass.7.Procedure7.1 Using an analytical balance,obtain the mass of the asreceived oil