ASTM_A_391_-_A_391M_-_07_2012.pdf

Designation:A391/A391M07(Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forGrade 80 Alloy Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A391/A391M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grade 80 heat-treated alloysteel chain for such applications as slings,lifting assemblies,and load binding.NOTE1This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocketwheel applications.1.2 The Grade designation is110of the minimum breakingstrength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard.The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each systemmust be used independently of the other,without combiningvalues in any way.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought,General Requirements forA751 Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,RelatedAlloys,and Ferroalloys3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force,minimum,nminimum force inpounds or newtons at which the chain,during manufacture,hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test is a manufacturers attributeacceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.3.1.2 date code,nseries of letters,numbers,or both,embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing historyto be traced.3.1.3 lot,nfor the purpose of acceptance testing,a lot shallconsist of 3000 ft 1000 m,or fraction thereof,of the samegrade and size chain.If a continuous length of chain exceeds3000 ft 1000 m,it shall also be considered a lot.3.1.4 proof test,nquality control tensile test applied tochain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt is the minimum force in pounds ornewtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left theproducer,under a test in which a constantly increasing forcehas been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall notbe used as criteria for service or design purposes.3.1.5 traceability code,nseries of letters,numbers,orboth,embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturinghistory,including the identity of the steel heat,to be traced.3.1.6 working load limit(WLL),nmaximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4.Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification.Such requirements to be considered include,but are not limited to,the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A391 or A391Mand year of issue,4.1.2 Nominal size of chain in in.mm,4.1.3 Quantity of chain in ft m,4.1.4 Length of each piece,if required,4.1.5 Finish,if required,4.1.6 Certification of test(s),if required,and4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser,if required.5.Manufacturing5.1 Melting ProcessThe alloy steel shall be made to afully-killed fine austenitic grain process.5.2 Welding ProcessAlloy steel chain may be made by theelectric welding or gas welding process.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1955.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A391/A391M 07.DOI:10.1520/A0391_A0391M-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.3 Heat TreatmentAfter welding,alloy steel chain shallbe heat treated before applying the proof test.Heat treatmentshall include quenching and tempering as defined by Termi-nology A941.6.Material Requirements6.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection and amounts of the alloy-ing elements in the steel are left to the judgment of theindividual chain manufacturer provided the steel meets thefollowing criteria:Carbon:0.35%max.;Phosphorous:0.025%max.;Sulfur:0.025%max.Nickel must be present inan alloying amount(0.40%min);and at least one