ASTM_A_31_-_14.pdf

Designation:A3114Standard Specification forSteel Rivets and Bars for Rivets,Pressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA31;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This specification2covers steel rivets for use in boilersand pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufactureof rivets.1.2 Two grades are covered:1.2.1 Grade ABars having a yield point of 23 000 psi(160 MPa)minimum with carbon 0.18%maximum.1.2.2 Grade BBars having a yield point of 29 000 psi(200 MPa)minimum with carbon 0.28%maximum.1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bargrade.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for SteelBars,Carbon and Alloy,Hot-WroughtA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA751 Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance Inspection2.2 ASME Standards:4B18.1.1 Small Solid Rivets716Inch Nominal Diameter andSmallerB18.1.2 Large Rivets12Inch Nominal Diameter and LargerB18.24 Part Identifying Number(PIN)Code System Stan-dard for B18 Fastener Products3.Ordering Information3.1 Orders for rivets and bars under this specification shallinclude:3.1.1 Specification designation and date of issue,3.1.2 QuantityNumber of pieces for rivets and weight forbars,3.1.3 Name of product and grade(A or B),3.1.4 Size(diameter and length),3.1.5 Rivet head type,3.1.6 If inspection at point of manufacture is required,3.1.7 Certification,if required(Section 14),and3.1.8 Additional testing or special requirements,if required.3.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system,seeASME B18.24.NOTE1A typical ordering description is:ASTM A31 82,10 000pieces,steel rivets Grade A,12by 2 in.,button head,test reports required.4.Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made by any of the followingprocesses:open-hearth,electric-furnace,or basic-oxygen.4.2 Rivets shall be manufactured from rivet bars conform-ing to the applicable grade ordered.4.3 Rivets shall be manufactured by hot-or cold-heading.4.4 Bars shall be furnished as rolled and not pickled,blastcleaned,or oiled.At producers option,bars may be cleaned forinspection or cold drawn.5.Chemical Composition5.1 The steel shall conform to chemical composition pre-scribed in Table 1.5.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall bemade by the bar manufacturer to determine for GradesAand Bthe percentages of carbon,manganese,phosphorus,and sulfur.This analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during thepouring of the heat.The chemical composition thus determinedshall be reported to the purchaser or his representative and shallconform to the requirements for heat analysis in accordancewith Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts,Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved April 1,2014.Published April 2014.Originallyapproved in 1976.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A31 04(2009).DOI:10.1520/A0031-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-31 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASMEInternational Headquarters,Two Park Ave.,New York,NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished materials representing each heat.Thechemical composition thus determined shall conform to therequirements for product analysis prescribed in Table 1.5.4 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth,selenium,tellurium,or lead has been intentionally added shallnot be permitted.5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A751.6.Mechanical Properties6.1 Rivet Bend Tests:6.1.1 The rivet shank of GradeAsteel shall stand being bentcold through 180 flat on itself,as shown in Fig.1,withoutcracking on the outside of the bent portion.6.1.2 The rivet shank of Grade B steel s