ASTM_A_159_-_83_2015.pdf

Designation:A15983(Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forAutomotive Gray Iron Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A159;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.This specification replaces Federal specification AA-I-653A.1.Scope1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings,cast insand molds,used in the products of the automobile,truck,tractor,and allied industries.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on thedate of material procurement form a part of this specification tothe extent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure ofGraphite in Iron CastingsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials2.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage32.4 Federal Standard:Fed.Std.No.123 Marking for Shipment(Civil Agencies)33.Grades3.1 The specified grades,hardness ranges,and metallurgicaldescription are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and in Section 9.4.Ordering Information4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation,4.1.2 Grade designation of gray iron required(3.1),4.1.3 If special heat treatment is required(see Section 6),4.1.4 If special microstructure requirements are needed(seeSection 7),4.1.5 Surface where hardness test is to be performed(see9.4),4.1.6 Depth and surface hardness of case required(see 9.6),4.1.7 Inspection lot and sampling plan required(see Section10),4.1.8 If additional requirements are needed(see 11.3),and4.1.9 Whether special packaging and marking is required(see Section 12).5.Hardness5.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls andinspection techniques to ensure compliance with the specifiedhardness range,Brinell hardness shall be determined in accor-dance with Test Method E10,after sufficient material has beenremoved from the casting surface to ensure representativehardness readings.The 10-mm ball and 3000-kg load shall beused unless otherwise agreed upon.The area or areas on thecasting where hardness is to be checked shall be established byagreement between supplier and purchaser and shall be shownon the drawing.6.Heat Treatment6.1 Unless otherwise specified,castings of Grades G1800and G2500 may be annealed in order to meet the desiredhardness range.6.2 Appropriate heat treatment for removal of residualstresses,or to improve machinability or wear resistance may bespecified by agreement between supplier and purchaser.7.Microstructure7.1 The microstructure shall consist of flake graphite in amatrix of ferrite or pearlite or mixtures thereof.7.2 As graphite size and shape somewhat affect hardness-strength ratio and other properties,the type size and distribu-tion of the graphite flakes at a designated location on thecasting may be specified by agreement between supplier andpurchaser in accordance with Method A247.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and WhiteIron Castings.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published November 2015.Originallyapproved in 1935.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A159 83(2011).DOI:10.1520/A0159-83R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,DODSSP,Bldg.4,SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5098,http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.3 Unless otherwise specified,the matrix microstructure ofcastings covered by this specification shall be substantially freeof primary cementite.Castings in Grades G1800 and G2500may have a matrix of ferrite or pearlite or both.Grades G3000,G3500,and G4000 shall be substantially pearlite in matrixstructure.8.Heavy-Duty Brake Drums and Clutch Plates8.1 These castings are considered as special cases and arecovered in Table 2.9.Alloy Gray Iron Automotive Camshafts9.1 These castings are considered as special cases.9.2 Grade DesignationG4000d.9.3 ChemistryAlloy gray iron camshafts shall containalloys within the following range or as agreed upon betweensupplier and purchaser.Chromium0.851.25%Molybdenum0.400.60%Nickelas agreed9.4 Casting HardnessHB 241-321 determined on a bear-ing surface as agreed by s