ASTM_C_1496_-_11.pdf

Designation:C149611Standard Guide forAssessment and Maintenance of Exterior Dimension StoneMasonry Walls and Facades1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1496;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide outlines how to visually assess exterior stonemasonry walls and facades to determine their general condi-tion.Examining key features of the construction can helpidentify and diagnose problems which require repairs orcorrective action.Such an examination can expose conditionswhich may be addressed with maintenance and minor repairs,or may require expert assistance.This guide is not intended tobe used for buildings requiring major exterior rehabilitation orstructural repairs.1.1.1 This guide applies to walls of solid stone or dimensionstone used as a cladding.Stone cladding is typically connectedto a backup material with a variety of anchoring methods,including traditional hand-set masonry anchors such as straps,dowels,cramps,hook-and-eyes,dove-tails,wire ties,and thelike.Joints between stones in these types of buildings areusually filled with mortar or sealant.Sealant-filled joints areusually designed to accommodate structural and thermal move-ments.1.2 This guide specifically excludes dimension stone used ininterior building surfaces,flooring or paving,slate dimensionstone used as roofing.Though they share some similar assess-ment and maintenance concerns,thin stone(less than 2 in.nominal thickness)exterior cladding,and stone cladding at-tached to metal flames are also excluded due to their uniquedesign characteristics and performance requirements.Althoughprocedures and cautions listed herein may apply to walls andfacades containing semi-dimension,or partially sized,stone inthe form of split-face,or rubble and to stone-facade concretepanels,the guide is not specifically directed to such stone use.It does not address removal of small-area stains.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action.This document cannot replace education or experi-ence and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1515 Guide for Cleaning of Exterior Dimension Stone,Vertical And Horizontal Surfaces,New or ExistingE1971 Guide for Stewardship for the Cleaning of Commer-cial and Institutional Buildings3.Terminology3.1 Terms used in this guide are defined in TerminologyC119.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 crack monitorany of the several two-part devicesthat can be attached to stone masonry in such a way that theycan span cracks in order to periodically measure changes incrack width thereby indicating movement.3.2.2 dutchmanrepair used to patch stone masonry with asection of new stone.The damaged area within a particular1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on DimensionStone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.07 on EnvironmentalProperties,Behavior,and Cleaning.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published November 20011.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C149609.DOI:10.1520/C1496-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 stone element is removed.The remaining void is trimmed to aregular shape.Anew piece of stone,or“dutchman,”is cut frommatching stone cut slightly smaller than the area to be filled.Itis installed using dowels or some other mechanical attachment,then