ASTM_D_1030_-_95_2007.pdf

Designation:D 1030 95(Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardTechnical Association of Pulpand Paper IndustryTest Method T 401 om-88Standard Test Method forFiber Analysis of Paper and Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1030;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the identification of the kinds offibers present in a sample of paper and their quantitativeestimation.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD 586 Test Method for Ash in Pulp,Paper,and PaperProductsD 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2.2TAPPI Standards:3T 8 Identification of Wood and Fibers from ConifersT 10 Species Identification of Nonwoody Vegetable Fibers3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Details are presented for the disintegration of grades ofpaper,staining,preparation of slides,and identification byspecific staining techniques.Provision is made for both quali-tative and quantitative analysis of furnishes.4.Significance and Use4.1 Many types of paper,particularly bonds,ledgers,index,and book papers are bought on the basis of fiber composition.This test method is used to evaluate the fibers in the paper andto ensure the purchaser that the composition and types of fibersare in accordance with the specifications.It will also showwhether the composition is free of inferior fibers which thespecifications particularly prohibit.It is also significant as tothe structure and quality of the paper.In order that theexamination may be interpreted into practical significance,it isimportant that the analyst should be experienced in the field ofpulp and paper microscopy.4.2 For accurate results,considerable training and experi-ence are necessary.The analyst should make frequent use ofstandard samples of known composition or of authentic fibersamples and should become thoroughly familiar with theappearance of the different fibers and their behavior whentreated with the various stains.4.3 Morphological characteristics identify special fiberssuch as straw,flax,esparto,and certain types of wood,such assouthern pine,Douglas fir,western hemlock,and variousspecies of hardwoods,so that the correct weight factors may beapplied.A knowledge of morphological characteristics of thedifferent fibers is helpful and,in some cases,essential for theiridentification.Some information on this subject is given in theAppendixes.5.Apparatus and Materials5.1 Microscope,compound,preferably of the binoculartype,equipped with a mechanical stage andAbbe condenser.Amagnification of approximately 100 diameters is recommendedfor observation of fiber colors,although a higher magnificationmay be desirable for studying morphological characteristics.Ifan apochromatic objective is used,it is desirable to have acompensating eye piece and an achromatic condenser.Theeyepiece shall be provided with a cross hair,pointer,or dot forcounting the fibers passing under it.Such an eyepiece can be1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved Aug.1,2007.Published August 2007.Originallyapproved in 1949.Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 1030 95(1999).2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South,Norcross,GA 30092,http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.supplied by the manufacturers,or it may be prepared by thetechnician,positioning the point in the eyepiece so as to obtainits image in focus.5.2 Slides and Cover GlassesStandard slides 25 by74-mm(1 by 3-in.)of clear,colorless glass,and No.2 coverglasses(25-mm square).5.3 DropperA glass tube approximately 100 mm(4 in.)long and 8 mm(516in.)inside diameter,with one end carefullysmoothed,but not constricted,and the other end fitted with arubber bulb.The tube is graduated to deliver 0.5 mL.5.4 Warm PlateA plate with a plane,le