ASTM_C_294_-_12.pdf

Designation:C29412Standard Descriptive Nomenclature forConstituents of Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C294;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides brief descrip-tions of some of the more commonly occurring,or moreimportant,natural and artificial materials of which mineralaggregates are composed.The descriptions provide a basis forunderstanding these terms as applied to concrete aggregates.When appropriate,brief observations regarding the potentialeffects of using the natural and artificial materials in concreteare discussed.NOTE1These descriptions characterize minerals and rocks as theyoccur in nature and blast-furnace slag or lightweight aggregates that areprepared by the alteration of the structure and composition of naturalmaterial.Information about lightweight aggregates is given in Specifica-tions C330,C331,and C332.1.2 This standard does not include descriptions of constitu-ents of aggregates used in radiation shielding concrete.SeeDescriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate Combinations(Mortar-Bar Method)C289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity ofAggregates(Chemical Method)C330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for ConcreteMasonry UnitsC332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-ing ConcreteC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this standard,refer toTerminology C125.4.Significance and Use4.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides information onterms commonly applied to concrete aggregates.This standardis intended to assist in understanding the meaning and signifi-cance of the terms.4.2 Many of the materials described frequently occur inparticles that do not display all the characteristics given in thedescriptions,and most of the described rocks grade fromvarieties meeting one description to varieties meeting anotherwith all intermediate stages being found.4.3 The accurate identification of rocks and minerals can,inmany cases,be made only by a qualified geologist,mineralogist,or petrographer using the apparatus and proce-dures of these sciences.Reference to these descriptions may,however,serve to indicate or prevent gross errors in identifi-cation.Identification of the constituent materials in an aggre-gate may assist in characterizing its engineering properties,butidentification alone cannot provide the sole basis for predictingbehavior of aggregates in service.Aggregates of any type orcombination of types may perform well or poorly in servicedepending upon the exposure to which the concrete issubjected,the physical and chemical properties of the matrix inwhich they are embedded,their physical condition at the timethey are used,and other factors.Constituents that may occuronly in minor amounts in the aggregate may or may notdecisively influence its performance.Information about con-crete aggregate performance in concrete has been published byASTM.31This descriptive nomenclature is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeC09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C09.65 on Petrography.Current edition approved July 1,2012.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1952.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C29405.DOI:10.1520/C0294-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Klieger,P.,and Lamond,J.F.,editors,Significance of Tests and Properties ofConcrete and Concrete-Making Materials,ASTM STP 169C,1994.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 CONSTITUENTS OF NATURAL MINERALAGGREGATES5.Classes and Types5.1 The materials found as constituents of natural mineralaggregates are minerals and rocks.5.2 Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances ofmore or less definite chemical composition and usually of aspecific crystalline structure.The physical nature of the rock-forming minerals and aspects of crystal chemistry determinethe important physical and chemical properties of naturalmineral aggreg