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2023
年高
英语语法
知识点
直接
引语
间接
高中英语语法知识点:直截了当引语和间接引语
高中英语语法知识点:直截了当引语和间接引语
引述某人的话一般采纳两种方式:一种是直截了当引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地援用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用本人的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
一、 直截了当引语变间接引语
A. 陈述句的间接引语
直截了当引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我:我特别喜欢北京。
rarr; The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他(她)特别喜欢北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。
rarr; She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
Ill go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。
rarr; He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。(that可省略)
B. 疑征询句的间接引语
一般疑征询句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或 whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didnt know等。句末不用征询号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师征询我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗
rarr; My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老师征询我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
You havent been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他征询:你没去过北,是吗
rarr; He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他征询我是否去过北京。
假设直截了当引语为否认的一般征询句或选择疑征询句时,用whether#65533;or 连接。
She said, Dont you know my telephone number 她说:你难道不明白我的号码吗
rarr; She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她征询我是明白她的号码。
Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 汤姆征询:你是喜欢这个仍然那个
rarr; Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆征询我是喜欢这个仍然那个。
间接引语为特别疑征询句时,间接引语前仍然用特别疑征询词作为连词引导宾语从句,留意从句必须用陈述语序,主句谓语动词常用ask。
He asked, How do you like it 他征询:你觉得如何样
rarr; He asked me how I liked it. 他征询我觉得它如何样。
She asked me, Whats the matter with you 她征询我:你如何啦
rarr; She asked me what was the matter with me. 她征询我我如何啦。
How many books do you have she asked. 她征询:你有多少本书
rarr; She asked me how many books I had. 她征询我有多少本。
英语中有些疑征询句并非提出疑征询,而是表示恳求、劝告、建议等。这种疑征询句变为间接引语时,往往采纳其他的方式。
①.suggest doing
Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael. 迈克尔说:我们今晚都去看电影,好吗
rarr; Michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。
What about having a drink he asked. 他征询:喝杯如何样
He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。
②.advise sb to do
Why dont you go hiking asked James. 詹姆士征询:你为什么不徒步旅行
James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。
③. offer to do
He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说:你要我寄信吗
He offered to ost the letter. 他主动提出寄信。
④.ask sb to do
Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me. 她对我说:劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗
rarr; She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。
C. 祈使句的间接引语
1.直截了当引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,其构造为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可按照口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词,句中please去掉。
She said to me, Please have a rest. 她对我说:请休息一下。
rarr; She asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。
Dont all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她对学生说:大家不要齐声答复。rarr; She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声答复。
2.带有let的祈使句(表示恳求,建议或命令),可用suggest + -ing方式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。
Lets go for a walk, said the girl. 那小姐说,让我们去散散步吧。
rarr; The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。
The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom. 老师说:让莉莉整理教室。
rarr; The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。
D. 感慨句的间接引语
1.直截了当引语是感慨句变为间接引语时,多采纳宾语从句构造,既可用what或how引导,也可用that引导。
What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him. 老师对他说,你是个聪明的小孩啊!
rarr; My teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的小孩啊。
rarr; My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个特别聪明的小孩。
He said, How well you look! 他说:你看起来气色多好啊!
rarr; He said how well I looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。
rarr; He said that I ooked very well. 他说我看起来气色特别好。
2.有些感慨句可以按照原句的意思,采纳适当的动词变为陈述句,不需用间接宾语来转述。
Help! he cried. 他喊到:救命啊!
rarr; He called for help. 他大声呼救。
What terrible weather it is!he said. 他说:多么糟糕的天气!
rarr; He complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。
Happy Chrismas! he said. 他说:圣诞欢乐!
He wished me a happy Christmas. 他祝我圣诞欢乐。
二、 间接引语中的词语变化
直截了当引语变为间接引语时,间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。
A. 时态的变化
①现在时间推移到过去时间
直截了当引语中的时态
一般现在时
现在完成时
现在进展时
现在完成进展时
间接引语中的时态
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去进展时
过去完成进展时
The old man said, I have lived in this street since 1960.
rarr;The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 那老人说他自从196年起就住在那条街上了。
He said, Is it raining
rarr; He asked if it was raining. 他征询是不是正在下雨。
②过去时间推移到过去的过去
直截了当引语中的时态
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去进展时
间接引语中的时态
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
过去完成进展时或不变
She said to me, I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.
rarr;She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告诉我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信。
What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterda