ASTM_C_411_-_11.pdf

Designation:C41111Standard Test Method forHot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature ThermalInsulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C411;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor-mance of commercial sizes of both block and pipe forms ofthermal insulating materials when exposed to simulated hot-surface application conditions.The term“hot-surface perfor-mance”has reference to a simulated use-temperature test inwhich the heated testing surface is in a horizontal position.1.2 This test method refers primarily to high-temperatureinsulations that are applicable to hot-side temperatures inexcess of 200F(93C).It is used for materials such aspreformed insulations,insulating cements,blankets,and thelike,by proper laboratory preparation of the samples.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket orBatt Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to SoakingHeat3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall apply to the termsused in this test method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 sag,nthe extent of thickness loss of pipe insulation,at the top longitudinal center,due to material fatigue ordecomposition due to elevated temperature.4.Significance and Use4.1 Performance in service is the final measure of value fora thermal insulation,but simulative service tests give usefulindications.One type involves application for a specified timeto a surface heated at a temperature approximately that ofintended service,and noting during the test and afterward,changes in the material and its properties.Measurement ofthese changes are used for predicting what occurs in service asa result of exposure to temperatures corresponding to those ofthe tests.5.Apparatus5.1 Heating PlateThe heating plate shall consist of acorrosion-resistant and heat-resistant plate with a preferredexposed test area of 36 by 18 in.(914 by 457 mm),but havinga minimum test area of 18 by 18 in.(457 by 457 mm).Theheated area shall have an insulated,heated guard area having aminimum width of 3 in.(76 mm)around the entire periphery ofthe test area.The plate shall be supported in a horizontal planeat a sufficient number of points to prevent sagging.It shall beheated on the under side by gas or electricity.The surfacetemperature of the plate shall be measured by not less than fivethermocouples.Four of the thermocouples shall be locatedalong the diagonals that extend from the corners of the exposedarea of the plate and at a distance of 6 in.(152 mm)in fromeach corner.A fifth thermocouple shall be located near thecenter of the test plate area.The temperature at no point ofmeasurement shall vary more than 65%or 625F(614C),whichever is less,from the desired temperature.A heatingchamber beneath the heating plate shall be formed to retain theheat generated by the heating means.A 6-in.thickness ofinsulation shall form the bottom and the sides,and the heating1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical andPhysical Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2011.Published August 2011.Originallyapproved in 1958.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C411 05.DOI:10.1520/C0411-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 plate shall form the top of the chamber.Two suitable types ofheating plates are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.5.2 Heating PipeThe heating pipe shall consist of acorrosion-resistant and heat-resistant pipe having a length ofnot less than 3 ft(0.9 m)and preferably 6 ft 6 in.(1.98 m).Itshall be supported horizontally.The nominal diameter of thepipe shall preferably be