ASTM_C_498_-_95.pdf

Designation:C 498 95Standard Specification forPerforated Clay Drain Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 498;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers perforated drain tile madefrom clay,shale,fire clay,or mixtures thereof,and fired.In thisspecification,the term perforated drain tile or tile shall meantile made only from these materials.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 4 Specification for Clay Drain Tile23.Classes3.1 Four classes of drain tile are covered:3.1.1 Standard Perforated Drain Tile,3.1.2 Extra-Quality Perforated Drain Tile,3.1.3 Heavy-Duty Perforated Drain Tile,and3.1.4 Extra-Strength Perforated Drain Tile.3.2 A higher strength class of perforated drain tile thanspecified by the purchaser may be furnished and shall beconsidered as meeting the specification for the class called for.4.Materials,Workmanship,and Finish4.1 Presence in drain tile of any minerals or chemicals thatare known to cause slaking or disintegration of the tile shall bedeemed valid grounds for rejection,unless satisfactory proof issubmitted that the tile are durable and permanent.4.2 Drain tile shall be free of cracks,checks,or chipsextending into the body of the tile in such a manner as woulddecrease the strength appreciably.There shall be no breaks inthe tile that would admit earth into the drain.4.3 Drain tile shall be reasonably smooth on the inside andshall be approximately circular in cross section,except whenotherwise specified in advance.Perforations shall be clean cutand there shall be no burrs projecting into the tile which wouldinterfere with the free flow of water.Tile shall be approxi-mately straight,except in the case of special connections.Theends of butt-end tile shall be so regular and smooth as to makepossible close joints by turning and pressing together the endsof adjoining tile.Butt-end tile shall be furnished unlessotherwise specified by the purchaser.4.4 Drain tile shall conform to the general physical charac-teristics prescribed in Table 1.5.Physical Properties5.1 Drain tile shall conform to the physical requirements forthe class specified as prescribed in Table 2.5.2 Waiver of Absorption RequirementsRequirementsprescribed in Table 2 for water absorption(5 h boiling)shall bewaived provided a sample consisting of five drain tile,meetingall other requirements,shows no disintegration or spalling andno loss in dry weight of any individual tile greater than 5%when subjected to the freezing and thawing test,made asprescribed in Sections 17 to 19 of Specification C 4.Thenumber of cycles of freezing and thawing to which each classof tile shall be subjected are:ClassNumber of CyclesStandard36Extra-Quality48Heavy-Duty48Extra-Strength48If tile meet the requirements of the freezing and thawing test,the average percentage absorption of the specimens used in thetest shall be adopted as the maximum allowable averageabsorption for the contract in question.At least 80%of all tiletested shall meet the requirements prescribed in this paragraph.6.Sizes of Tile and Perforations6.1 DiameterSizes of drain tile shall be designated bytheir inside diameters.6.2 LengthsDrain tile smaller than 12 in.(305 mm)indiameter shall have a length not less than approximately 12 in.Tile 12 to 18 in.(305 mm to 457 mm)in diameter,inclusive,shall have nominal lengths not less than their diameters.6.3 Perforations Perforations shall be circular and cleanlycut,and shall be specified by the purchaser as either(1)146116in.(6.46 1.6 mm)or(2)12618in.(12.7 6 3.2 mm)indiameter,arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the tile.Perforations shall be not more than approximately 3 in.(76mm)center to center,along rows,and the minimum number of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-4 onVitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of C04.20 on Methods of Test andSpecificationsCurrent edition approved Oct.10,1995.Published December 1995.Originallypublished as C 49862 T.Last previous edition C 49865(1991).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.05.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.rows shall be as shown in Table 3.Where two rows ofperforations are used,the rows shall be separated by an arc of90 6 15.Where four rows of perforations are used,the rowsshall be located in the lower half of the tile and sha