ASTM_DS60-1982.pdf

Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.COMPILATION OF STRESS-RELAXATION DATA FOR ENGINEERING ALLOYS Prepared for The Metal Properties Council and ASTM-ASME-MPC Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals by M.J.Manjoine and H.R.Voorhees ASTM Data Series Publication DS 60 ASTM Publication Code Number(PCN)05-060000-30 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1982 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:81-70979 NOTE The Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,Md.(c)September 1982 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.Foreword This book compiles published and known data on stress relaxation of metals and alloys of engineering interest.It contains all data from the previous ASTM Special Technical Publication No.187,by the ASTM-ASME-MPC Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals.This current project was sponsored by the Metal Properties Council,Inc.under the guidance of its Subcommittee 5 on Stress Relaxation.The data were compiled and analyzed for the Subcommittee by Dr.Howard R.Voorhees.The Subcommittee acknowledges with gratitude those individuals and organizations who contributed data and services to this effort.The data sources are referenced in the tables,and those who contrib-uted services can take pride from the result.The members of Subcommittee 5 of The Metal Properties Council are as follows:M.J.Manjoine,Chairman(Westinghouse Research Laboratories)S.F.Collis(Alcoa Research Laboratories)S.G.Epstein(The Aluminum Association)R.F.Gill(General Electric Company)F.Kull(SPS Technologies,Inc.)R.W.Swindeman(Oak Ridge National Lab.)H.R.Voorhees(Materials Technology Corp.)R.C.Westgren(Wean United Inc.)R.E.Z ink ham(Reynolds Metals Company)Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.Related ASTM Publications Formability of Metallic Materials2000 A.D.,STP 753(1982),04-753000-23 Fracture Mechanics(13th Conference),STP 743(1981),04-743000-30 Stress Relaxation Testing,STP 676(1979),04-676000-23 Fatigue Mechanisms,STP 675(1979),04-675000-30 Formability TopicsMetallic Materials,STP 647(1978),04-647000-23 Selection and Use of Wear Tests for Metals,STP 615(1977),04-615000-23 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:53:56 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.This standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.Contents Foreword i Introduction 1.Stress Relaxation of Metals and Alloys v 2.Relaxation Mechanics v 2.1 Anelastic strain v 2.2 Plastic strain v 2.3 Microplastic strain v 2.4 Creep vi 2.4.1 Primary creep strain vi 2.4.2 Secondary creep vi 2.4.3 Tertiary creep vi 3.Stress Relaxation Testing vi 4.Analyses of Data vi 4.1 Stress relaxation at temperatures below 0.4 Tm vii 4.2 Stress relaxation at temperatures above 0.4 Tm vii 4.3 Loss of stress for a bar under constant total strain vii 4.4 Stress relief by relaxation vii 4.4.1 Thermal treatment viii 4.4.2 Mechanical and thermo-mechanical treatment viii 5.Utilization of Stress Relaxation Data viii 5.1 Bolting design viii 5.2 Press-fitted joints,springs,and clamps viii 5.3 Creep-fatigue damage viii 5.4 Constitutive relationships viii 6.References viii Fig.1-Comparative 1000-hour Relaxation Strengths for Several Classes of Alloys x Fig.2-Relaxation of Solution-annealed Type 304 Stainless Steel xi Fig.3 -Relaxation of a 20%Cold-worked Type 304 Stainless Steel from 900 to 1300 F(482 to 704 C)for an Initial Inelastic Strain of 0.07%xii Fig.4 -Remaining Stress for an Annealed Type 304 Stainless Steel Bar at Constant Strain,as a Function of Temperature and Time xiii Compilation Introduction 1 Tabular Data 1 Graphical Presentations 2 Units for Stress 2 Cast Irons 3 Gray Cast Iron 4 Nodular Cast Iron(Ductile Iron)20 Carbon Steels(Including carbon-manganese grades)29 Carbon-Molybdenum Steels(Including copper-molybdenum grades)77 Chromium-Molybdenum Steels 93 Cr-Mo-V Steels(Including Mo-V Steels)137 Modified Cr-Mo-V Steels 207 Steels Containing 0.6%or More Tungsten 219 Co-Cr-Mo-V Steels and Nb Modifications 219 Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels 233 iii Copyri