ASTM_C_88_-_13.pdf

Designation:C8813Standard Test Method forSoundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate orMagnesium Sulfate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C88;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the testing of aggregates toestimate their soundness when subjected to weathering actionin concrete or other applications.This is accomplished byrepeated immersion in saturated solutions of sodium or mag-nesium sulfate followed by oven drying to partially or com-pletely dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable porespaces.The internal expansive force,derived from the rehy-dration of the salt upon re-immersion,simulates the expansionof water on freezing.This test method furnishes informationhelpful in judging the soundness of aggregates when adequateinformation is not available from service records of thematerial exposed to actual weathering conditions.1.2 The values given in parentheses are provided for infor-mation purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyproblems associated with its use.It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregate to TestingSizeD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersE323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for TestingPurposes3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method provides a procedure for making apreliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use inconcrete and other purposes.The values obtained may becompared with specifications,for example Specification C33,that are designed to indicate the suitability of aggregateproposed for use.Since the precision of this test method is poor(Section 12),it may not be suitable for outright rejection ofaggregates without confirmation from other tests more closelyrelated to the specific service intended.3.2 Values for the permitted-loss percentage by this testmethod are usually different for fine and coarse aggregates,andattention is called to the fact that test results by use of the twosalts differ considerably and care must be exercised in fixingproper limits in any specifications that include requirements forthese tests.The test is usually more severe when magnesiumsulfate is used;accordingly,limits for percent loss allowedwhen magnesium sulfate is used are normally higher thanlimits when sodium sulfate is used.NOTE1Refer to the appropriate sections in Specification C33 estab-lishing conditions for acceptance of coarse and fine aggregates which failto meet requirements based on this test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Aug.1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1931.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C88 05.DOI:10.1520/C0088-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Apparatus4.1 SievesWith square openings of the following sizesconforming to Specifications E11 or E323,for sieving thesamples in accordance with Sections 6,7,and 9:150 m(No.100)8.0 mm(516in.)9.5 mm(38in.)300 m(No.50)12.5 mm(12in.)16.0 mm(58in.)600 m(No.30)19.0 mm(34in.)25.0 mm(1 in.)1.18 mm(No.16)31.5 mm(114in.)2.36 mm(No.8)37.5 mm(112in.)50 mm(2 in.)4.00 mm(No.5)63 mm(212in.)larger sizes by4.75 mm(No.4)12.5-mm(12-in.)spread4.2 ContainersContainers for immersing the samples ofaggregate in the solution,in accordance with the proceduredescribed in this test method,shall be perforated in such amanner as to permit free access of the solution to the sampleand drainage of the solution from the sample without loss ofaggregate.NOTE2Baskets made of suitable wire mesh or sieves with suitableopenings are satisfactory containers for the samples.4.3 Temperature RegulationSuitable means for regulatingthe temperature of the samples during immersion in the sodiumsulfate or magnesiu