ASTM_C_4_-_04_2014.pdf

Designation:C404(Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forClay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C4;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance,prior to installation,of drain tile and perforated drain tile to beused for underdrainage,filter fields,leaching fields,and similarsubdrainage installations.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods portion of this specification:This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.NOTE1Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and TerminologyC896.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay PipeC896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Clay,fire clay,shale,and surface clay are as defined inTerminology C896.3.1.2 Within this specification,the terms tile,drain tile,andclay drain tile are synonyms.4.Classification4.1 Four classes of clay drain tile are specified:4.1.1 Standard.4.1.2 Extra Quality.4.1.3 Heavy Duty.4.1.4 Extra Strength.4.2 Drain tile of a higher strength classification than thatspecified by the purchaser may be furnished by the seller,provided the substituted drain tile meets the physical require-ments of the class specified.5.Materials and Manufacture5.1 Drain tile shall be manufactured from clay,fire clay,shale,surface clay,or a combination of these materials,that,when formed into tile and fired to suitable temperatures,yieldsa product that conforms to this specification.6.Physical Properties6.1 Drain tile shall meet the physical test requirements forthe class,as specified in Table 1.6.2 The maximum water absorption(5-h boiling)shall be asfollows:Average,%Individual,%Standard1316Extra Quality1113Heavy Duty1113Extra Strength11136.3 The requirements for water absorption(5h boiling)shall be waived,provided that test specimens meet the require-ments of the freezing and thawing test,Section 13,of thisspecification7.Sizes and Perforations7.1 The size of drain tile shall be designated by insidediameter.Not all sizes and strengths may be available from allmanufacturers.7.2 The minimum length of drain tile smaller than 10 in.(255 mm)diameter shall be approximately 12 in.(305 mm).7.3 The length of drain tile 10 in.(255 mm)through 30 in.(760 mm)diameter shall be not less than 112times theirdiameter.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 onVitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 onMethods of Test and Specifications.Current edition approved Sept.1,2014.Published September 2014.Originallyapproved in 1914.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C4 04(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0004-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.4 PerforationsPerforations shall be circular and cleanlycut through the tile wall.They shall be arranged in rowsparallel to the longitudinal axis of the tile.The minimumnumber of rows of perforations shall be as shown in Table 2.7.4.1 Where two rows of perforations are used,the rowsshall be separated by an arc of 90 6 15.7.4.2 Where four rows of perforations are used,the rowsshall be symmetrical around a vertical centerline.The lower-most rows of perforations shall be separated by an arc of 90 610,and the uppermost rows shall be separated by an arc of notover 160 measured around the lower part of the tile(Fig.1).7.4.3 If more than four rows of perforations are used,thespacing of rows shall be uniform between the limits in 7.4.2.7.4.4 The purchaser shall specify the desired perforationdiameter option of:(1)146116in.(6.4 6 1.6 mm)or(2)12618in.(13 6 3.2 mm),and the number of rows of perfora-tions.7.4.5 Perforations shall not be spaced more than approxi-mately 3 in.(76 mm)center-to-center along the rows.8.Workmanship and Finish8.1 Drain tile shall be free of cracks,checks,or chips thatdecrease the strength.8.2 Dr