ASTM_C_1608_-_17.pdf

Designation:C160817Standard Test Method forChemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1608;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method measures the internal(absolute)vol-ume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from thehydration of the cementitious materials.This volume change isknown as chemical shrinkage.1.1.1 Procedure A,volumetric method.1.1.2 Procedure B,the density method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.(WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of HydraulicCementC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms,Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms,and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1chemical shrinkage,nthe absolute(internal)vol-ume change accompanying the hydration of cement,due to thefact that the cement hydration products occupy less physicalvolume than the reactants.3.1.2 All other terms are as defined in Terminology C219.4.Significance and Use4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are con-trolled by their initial hydration rate.Examples include early-age strength development,heat release,and crack resistance.One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rateis provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage ofthe cement paste during its hydration.As cement hydrates,thehydration products occupy less volume than the initial reactingmaterials(cement and water).Due to this volume change,ahydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediatesurroundings,when available.At early times,this sorption is indirect proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.4This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.5Theresults are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior ofcements.This method does not measure the bulk volumechanges(autogenous shrinkage)associated with chemicalshrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes producedwith the evaluated cement.5.Apparatus5.1 Devices for Determining Mass,conforming to the re-quirements of Test Methods C114 and evaluated for precisionand accuracy at a total load of 100 g.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.Current edition approved Aug.1,2017.Published August 2017.Originallyapproved in 2005.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1608 12.DOI:10.1520/C1608-17.2See the section on Safety,Manual of Cement Testing,Annual Book of ASTMStandards,Vol.04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4L.J.Parrott,M.Geiker,W.A.Gutteridge,and D.Killoh,“Monitoring PortlandCement Hydration:Comparison of Methods,”Cement and Concrete Research,Vol.20,919-926,1990.5M.Geiker,“Studies of Portland Cement Hydration:Measurements of ChemicalShrinkage and a Systematic Evaluation of Hydration Curves by Means of theDispersion Model,”Ph.D.Thesis,Technical University of Denmark,Copenhagen,Denmark,1983.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Or