ASTM_B_963_-_17.pdf

Designation:B96317Standard Test Methods forOil Content,Oil-Impregnation Efficiency,and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy(PM)Products Using Archimedes Principle1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B963;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This standard describes three related test methods thatcover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil containedin the material.1.1.2 Determinationoftheefficiencyoftheoil-impregnation process.1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected poros-ity by oil impregnation.1.2 With the exception of the values for density and themass used to determine density,for which the use of the gramper cubic centimetre(g/cm3)and gram(g)units is the long-standing industry practice,the values in inch-pound units are tobe regarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyD1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy(PM)terms can befound in Terminology B243.Additional descriptive material isavailable in the Related Material section of Vol.02.05 of theAnnual Book of ASTM Standards.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The part or test specimen is first weighed in air.It is thenoil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and thespecimen is reweighed.The test specimen is then weighedwhen immersed in water and its volume calculated based onArchimedes principle.The oil is then removed and thespecimen is reweighed.4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or testspecimen is then calculated as a percentage of the volume ofthe specimen.This may be done for the as-received and thefully oil-impregnated specimen.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 onMetal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B09.04 on Bearings.Current edition approved April 1,2017.Published April 2017.Originallyapproved in 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as B963 14.DOI:10.1520/B0963-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.3 The oil-impregnation effciency is calculated by dividingthe as-received oil content by the fully impregnated oil contentand expressing the result as a percentage.4.4 The volume percentage of surface-connected porosity(as measured by oil impregnation)is then calculated based onthe amount of oil in the fully oil-impregnated specimen.5.Significance and Use5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifica-tions for oil-impregnated PM bearings.5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indicationof how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bear-ings requires a minimum amount of surface-connected porosityand satisfactory oil impregnation of the s