ASTM_C_288_-_87_2014.pdf

Designation:C28887(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forDisintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of CarbonMonoxide1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C288;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the comparative behavior ofrefractories under the disintegrating action of carbon monoxi-de(CO).The test method is an accelerated exposure to CO todetermine potential material behavior in a relatively short time.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Significance and Use2.1 This test method is used to determine the relativeresistance of various refractories to disintegration caused byexposure to a CO atmosphere.The results obtained by thismethod can be used to select refractories that are resistant toCO disintegration.2.2 This test method is suitable for research and develop-ment and for establishing CO disintegration criteria for speci-fication acceptance.2.3 The disintegration of test specimens is accelerated byproviding a higher concentration of CO than anticipated inmost service environments.The effects on the test specimensmay be different than those found for refractories in actualservice conditions.3.Apparatus3.1 Heated Chamber The chamber shall be gastight andof a suitable size,made of stainless steel,brass,aluminum,orunoxidized Monel metal.A suggested size is 18 in.(460 mm)in diameter and 36 in.(914 mm)long.The unit may be heatedby resistance wire or other means,provided that at thetemperature of operation the difference in temperature betweenany two points within the chamber shall not be greater than20F(11C).The chamber may be provided with a thermo-couple well and shall have a gas inlet and outlet,with aprovision for gas sampling at the outlet.3.2 Temperature-Control Instrument The temperature ofthe test chamber shall be controlled and recorded by a suitableinstrument having the required accuracy.3.3 Atmosphere ControlThe CO shall be supplied from atank,or of the gas,or manufactured by the conversion ofcarbon dioxide(CO2).The pressure from a tank supply(Caution,see Note 1)shall be reduced by a regulator made forthat purpose,and the flow of gas adjusted by means of asensitive needle or regulating valve.A flowmeter shall be usedin the line as an aid for regulating the flow.When CO is usedfrom a tank,iron carbonyl is present in the gas and may causeclogging of the inlet tube,in which case the carbonyl may beremoved before the gas enters the chamber.A soda-asbestos(the Ascarite)tower in the inlet line will remove the carbonyl,but this should be preceded by a drying tower to preventmoisture from getting into the soda-asbestos.NOTE1Caution:As a precaution against the possibility of tankexplosions,the tanks should be stored and used outdoors or in a separatebuilding designed to reduce the explosion hazard.3.4 Furnace Pressure ControlThe unit shall be equippedwith a bubbling bottle or a sensitive gage to control thepressure of the exhaust gas.A positive pressure shall bemaintained throughout the test.3.5 Gas Analyzer Any conventional gas analyzer can beused to periodically determine the CO content of the exhaustgas.4.Test Specimens4.1 Ten specimens shall constitute a specimen set.4.2 The specimens shall be 9 in.(228 mm)long and 2 or3 in.(64 or 76 mm)square in cross section.Only one specimenshall be cut from a shape so that as many original surfaces aspossible remain intact.The specimen shall be cut lengthwisefrom the original shape.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on ChemicalBehaviors.Current edition approved Sept.1,2014.Published November 2014.Originallyapproved in 1952.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C288 87(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0288-87R14.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Unfired Samples5.1 Unfired refractories shall be prepared for testing byfiring for 5 h under oxidizing conditions at one of the followingtemperatures:5.1.1 1000F(540C),to remove combined water.5.1.2 2000F(1095C),to remove combined water andcompounds that inhibit the deposition of carbon.6.Procedure6.1 Bring the heating chamber containing the dried speci-mens to an operating temperature of 925 to 9