ASTM_C_459_-_C_459M_-_97_2011e1.pdf

Designation:C459/C459M97(Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Methods forAsbestos-Cement Flat Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C459/C459M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in January 2012.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover only asbestos-cement flatsheets,roofing shingles,siding shingles,and clapboards.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions,when working with asbestos-cement products,minimize the dust that results.For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos,refer to“Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos:A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specificsafety hazard,see 1.3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 deflectionthe linear distance that a test specimenbends at the center from no load to maximum breaking loadwhen loaded as a beam with the load applied equally andsimultaneously at both one-third points of the span.3.1.2 flexural strengththe average breaking load in new-tons(or lbf)of dried specimens loaded as simple beams on aspan of 254 mm 10 in.with the load applied equally andsimultaneously at both one-third points of the span.4.Sampling4.1 From each shipment or fraction thereof representing aproduct of the same kind,a number of sheets or units shall beselected at random.Table 1 and Table 2 show the number ofsheets or units to be selected from shipments of various sizes.5.Preparation of Test Specimens5.1 Flat SheetsCut a pair of specimens,each 6 6116in.152 6 1.6 mm in width and 12 6116in.305 6 1.6 mm inlength,from the interior area of each sample sheet in such amanner that no edge of a specimen is less than 3 in.76 mmfrom the original edges of the sheet.The longer dimension ofone of the specimens of each pair shall be parallel to the lengthof the sheet(that is,parallel with the fiber lay),and that of theother shall be at right angles to it.(WarningSee 1.3.)5.2 Roofing Shingles,Siding Shingles,and ClapboardsCut a single specimen 6 6116in.152 6 1.6 mm in width and12 6116in.305 6 1.6 mm in length from each unit.Cut onehalf of the specimens in such a manner that the 12-in.304.8-mm dimension of each specimen is parallel to one edgeof the shingle or clapboard unit;cut one half of the specimensat a right angle thereto.Where the shingle or clapboard unitshave one dimension less than 12 in.,cut all specimens with the12-in.dimension of each specimen parallel to the long dimen-sion of the shingle or clapboard unit.5.3 Do not test cracked or otherwise damaged specimens,but obtain substitute specimens.6.Flexural Strength and Deflection Tests6.1 Significance and Use:6.1.1 Flexural StrengthThis is a routine test.The valuesrecorded are applicable only to the product being tested.The1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Productsand are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 1960.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C459 97(2006).DOI:10.1520/C0459_C0459M-97R11E01.2Available from The Asbestos Institute,http:/ referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 breaking loads specified should be maintained or exceeded toensure successful use.6.1.2 DeflectionThis is not commonly a routine test,but isa reference or referee test.The values recorded are not relative,but are applicable only to the product being tested.The greaterthe deflection,provided the flexural strength is satisfactory,thelower the breakage hazard will be in use.The limits chosen i