ASTM_C_1336_-_96_2014.pdf

Designation:C133696(Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forFabricating Non-Oxide Ceramic Reference SpecimensContaining Seeded Inclusions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1336;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for fabricating bothgreen and sintered test samples of silicon carbide and siliconnitride containing inclusions.These samples can be used todetermine the sensitivity and detection capability of a nonde-structive examination(NDE)method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders inUniaxial CompactionC373 Test Method for Water Absorption,Bulk Density,Apparent Porosity,andApparent Specific Gravity of FiredWhiteware Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 green specimenformed ceramic specimens as origi-nally compacted prior to high-temperature densification.3.1.2 inclusiona solid discontinuity in a specimen,with acomposition not that of the specimen.3.1.3 seededinclusionsdiscontinuitiesintentionallyplaced at prescribed locations in reference specimens.3.1.4 sintered specimenformed ceramic specimen afterfiring to densify and remove solvents or binders.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice describes a method of fabrication ofknown discontinuities in a ceramic specimen.Such specimensare needed and used in nondestructive examination to demon-strate sensitivity and resolution and to assist in establishingproper examination parameters.5.Apparatus5.1 Aerosol Duster,moisture-free.5.2 Die,capable of exerting pressure up to 120 MPa andwill not contaminate the compacted material.5.3 Optical Magnifier,capable of providing 10 to 30magnification.5.4 Tubing,latex,thin-wall,for encapsulating compact dur-ing isopressing.5.5 Carver Press,or similar type of apparatus capable ofexerting the necessary pressure to consolidate the sample.5.6 Cold Isostatic Press,capable of maintaining 500 MPa.5.7 Oven or Furnace,which can maintain a temperature of500C.5.8 Imaging Equipment,with the capability of producing ahard copy output of the image(that is,35 mm camera,chargecoupled device(CCD)camera outputted to a video printer,astereo microscope with 4 by 5 instamatic film,etc.).5.9 Sintering Furnaces,capable of reaching temperatures of1400 to 2200C.Depending on the ceramic system chosen,thefurnace may be required to operate in a vacuum or under inertgas atmospheres,or both,at pressures as high as 200 MPa.5.10 Mettler Scale,or similar device capable of measuringwithin 0.01 mg.Measuring densities according to Archimedesprinciple requires the use of a sample holder suspended inwater attached to the scale.6.Materials6.1 Silicon Carbide or Silicon Nitride Powders,of appro-priate purity and particle size,prepared with sintering aids and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on AdvancedCeramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.03 on PhysicalProperties and Non-Destructive Evaluation.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1336 96(2008).DOI:10.1520/C1336-96R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 binder representative of the product to be inspected and in amanner appropriate for dry pressing with granule size less than100 mesh.6.2 Inclusion Spheres,diameters as needed.Inclusion ma-terials selected based on applicable green and sintered inclu-sion that is desired to be investigated for a specific siliconnitride or silicon carbide application.6.2.1 The size,shape,and composition of the inclusionsshall be determined a priori before seeding.The inclusionparticles must be carefully selected based on the ceramicsystem of interest and the purpose of the test samples.6.2.1.1 Samples fabricated to determine the sensitivity andresolution of the NDE test method should have inclusions thatrepresent the type that would be encountered in actual appli-cations.The selection of the inclusion type should reflect thepossible impurit