ASTM_D_1110_-_21.pdf

Designation:D111021Standard Test Methods forWater Solubility of Wood1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1110;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods3cover the determination of thewater solubility of wood.Two methods are given,as follows:1.1.1 Method ACold-Water SolubilityThis method pro-vides a measure of the tannins,gums,sugars,and coloringmatter in the wood.1.1.2 Method BHot-Water SolubilityThis method pro-vides a measure of the tannins,gums,sugars,coloring matter,and starches in the wood.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Significance and Use2.1 Cold water removes a part of such extraneous materialsas tannins,gums,sugars,and coloring matters.Hot waterremoves these plus the starches.METHOD ACOLD-WATER SOLUBILITY3.Apparatus3.1 Filtering CruciblesAlundum or fritted-glass cruciblesof coarse porosity will be required.3.2 Filtering FlaskA suction filtering flask,equipped witha rubber flange for the crucible and funnel,shall be provided.4.Test Specimen4.1 The test specimen shall consist of 2 g of air-driedsawdust or milled wood that has been ground to pass througha 425-m(approx.40 mesh)sieve and be retained on a 250-m(approx.60 mesh)sieve.5.Procedure5.1 Place a 2-g test specimen,the moisture content of whichhas been previously determined,in a 400-mLbeaker,and coverwith 300 mL of distilled water.Let this mixture solvate at atemperature of 23 6 2 C,with frequent stirring,for 48 h.5.2 Filter the material on an Alundum or fritted-glasscrucible,using suction,wash with cold distilled water,and dryto constant weight at 100 to 105C.Drying usually requiresapproximately 4 h.Place the crucible in a loosely stopperedweighing bottle,cool in a desiccator,and weigh.6.Report6.1 Report the results as percentage of matter soluble in coldwater,on the moisture-free basis,calculated as follows:Cold water solubility,%5W12 W2!/W1#3100(1)where:W1=weight of moisture-free specimen used in 5.1,andW2=weight of dried specimen after extraction with coldwater(5.2).METHOD BHOT-WATER SOLUBILITY7.Apparatus7.1 Solvation Apparatusa 200-mL Erlenmeyer flask pro-vided with a reflux condenser shall be used.7.2 Water Bath,constructed so that the water can bemaintained at boiling temperature and at a constant-level justabove the solution in the flask.7.3 Filtering Crucible and Filtering FlaskSee Section 3.8.Test Specimen8.1 See Section 4.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods andProperties.Current edition approved April 1,2021.Published April 2021.Originallyapproved in 1950.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1110 84(2013).DOI:10.1520/D1110-21.2Based upon Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry StandardMethod T 207 om-08 Water Solubility of Wood and Pulp.3For further information on these test methods,the following references may beconsulted:Schorger,A.W.,“Chemistry of Cellulose and Woods,”1926,p.506,McGraw-Hill,NY.Hawley and Wise,“Chemistry of Wood,”1926,p.134,Chemical Catalog Co.,NY.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.19.Procedure9.1 Place a 2-g test specimen,the moisture content of whichhas been previously determined,and 100 mL of distilled waterin the Erlenmeyer flask and attach the reflux condenser.Placethe flask in the boiling water bath,with the solution in the flaskjust below the level of the water in the bath,and heat gently for3 h.9.2 Filter the contents of the flask on a tared Alundum orfritted-glass crucible,using suction,wash with hot water,anddry to constant weight at 100 to 105C.Place the crucible in aloosely stoppered weighing bottle,cool in a desiccator,andweigh.10.Report10.1 Report the results as percentage of matter soluble inhot water,on the moisture-free basi