ASTM_D_1029_-_95.pdf

Designation:D 1029 95Standard Test Method forPeeling Resistance of Paper and Paperboard1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1029;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peelingresistance of paper and paperboard.It is intended primarily fortesting linerboard that is to be converted into corrugated orsolid fiber containers.Most liners do not exhibit the tendencyof peeling covered in 3.1,so that it is not the primary intentionin this method to carry the test to the quill forming stage or tofinal failure regardless of how long it may take.This test is notintended to measure abrasion.NOTE1Occasionally linerboard shows a distinct tendency to peel orform quills on rubbing,and this tendency has been noticed on thecorrugated combiner,on roller conveyor systems in the shippers plant,and in freight cars where one box rubs against another.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,or Related Product2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing23.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 peelingthe actual lifting of the surface of the paperformation and its subsequent rolling into a“quill”(Note 1)rather than the production of ground or powdered fibers.4.Significance and Use4.1 The peeling resistance of paperboard is greatly influ-enced by the extent of pulp refining on the paper machine andthe moisture content of the board at the time of combining onthe corrugator.Although few liners fail in this manner,thefailures that do occur result in poor quality board from anappearance and printability standpoint.5.Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shall consist essentially of a motor-driventesting machine which cycles 40 to 60 double strokes/min,having a reciprocating or circular motion arm to which isattached a smooth flat plate free to slide over a fixed plate.Bothplates shall be equipped with clamps capable of holding tautthe test specimen in such a manner that the correspondingsurfaces of two specimens are held flat against each other.Theupper plate shall have a total weight of 12 lb(5.4 kg)(Note 2).The leading edges of both plates shall be beveled or roundedaway from the test specimens to avoid the presence of a squareedge moving across the surface of the specimens.It isrecommended that both plates be covered with a thin layer ofsponge rubber to provide a backing for both upper and lowerspecimens.It is found that this ensures a more uniform contactof the two test specimens than a backing of nonresilientmaterial.The drive mechanism shall be such as to cause thearm and moving plate to cycle at a predetermined constant rateof double strokes per minute,a double stroke being the forwardplus the backward movement of the plate,or one full cycle ofthe mechanism.The distance of travel of the moving plate shallbe 6 in.(152 mm)in each direction,that is,a total of 12 in.(305 mm)for one double stroke.The machine shall beconstructed so as to minimize any tendency of the moving plateto move laterally.The apparatus shall be provided with acounter to indicate at all times the number of double strokesproduced.NOTE2If it is necessary to test specimens smaller than thoseprescribed in Section 7,the weight of the upper plate shall be adjusted soas to provide a pressure equal to 0.5 psi(3.4 kPa)of constant contact area.Constant contact area is the area of the lower(fixed)test specimen that isat all times in contact with the moving specimen.For example,thefull-size 12 by 6-in.(305 by 152-mm)test specimen that provides a 10 by6-in.(254 by 152-mm)exposed surface for rubbing,has a constant contactarea of 24 in.2(155 cm2).6.Sampling6.1 The material shall be sampled in accordance withPractice D 585.7.Test Specimens7.1 Not less than 20 representative test specimens measur-ing 12 by 6 in.(305 by 152 mm)shall be cut from the sample.One half of the test specimens shall be cut with the 12-in.sidesparallel to the grain direction,and the other half shall be cutwith the 6-in.sides parallel to the grain direction.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.27 on Paper andPaperboard.Current edition approved Nov.10,1995.Published January 1996.Originallypublished as D 1029 49.Last previous edition D 1029 84(1990).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards