ASTM_D_1054_-_02.pdf

Designation:D 1054 02Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyResilience Using a Goodyear-HealeyRebound Pendulum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1054;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of impactresilience and penetration of rubber by means of the Goodyear-Healey rebound pendulum,see Fig.1.1.1.1 The term rubber,used within this method,shall referto those substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers,vulcanized(thermoset)rubber,elastomeric materials,and cel-lular materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conver-sions from the U.S.Customary System to accommodate theinstrumentation,practices and procedures that existed prior tothe Metric Conversion Act of 1975.1.3 All materials,instruments,or equipment used for thedetermination of mass,force,direction,temperature or dimen-sion shall have traceability to the National Institute for Stan-dards and Technology,or other internationally recognizedorganization parallel in nature.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets2D 3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from Products2D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries2E 145 Specification for GravityConvection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens33.Summary of Test Method3.1 Impact ResilienceA freely falling pendulum hammerthat is dropped from a given height impacts a test specimen,imparting a certain amount of energy.A portion of that energyis returned by the specimen to the pendulum and may bemeasured by the extent to which the pendulum rebounds.Sincethe energy of the pendulum is proportional to the verticalcomponent of the displacement of the pendulum,it may beexpressed as 1 cos(of the angle of displacement)and impactresilience.RB,is readily determined from the equation.RB 51 2 cos angle of rebound!1 2 cos original angle!3 100(1)3.1.1 The value RB is commonly called percentage rebound.3.2 PenetrationDynamic stiffness is a factor that influ-ences impact resilience.A convenient index of stiffness is thedepth to which the penetration striker penetrates the testspecimen upon impact.4.Significance and Use4.1 The Goodyear-Healey4rebound pendulum is designedto measure percent resilience of a rubber compound as anindication of hysteretic energy loss that can also be defined bythe relationship between storage modulus and loss modulus.The percent rebound measured is inversely proportional to thehysteretic loss.4.2 Deflection is determined by measuring the depth ofpenetration of the rebound ball into the rubber block under test.4.3 Percent resilience and deflection are commonly used inquality control testing of polymers and compounding chemi-cals,especially reinforcing material.5.Apparatus5.1 Rebound PendulumThe Goodyear-Healey reboundpendulum(see Fig.1)shall consist of the following:5.1.1 Ball bearings(1),which support the pendulum,5.1.2 Free swinging pendulum(2),1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.14 on Time and Temperature-Dependent Physical Properties.Current edition approved Dec.10,2002.Published January 2003.Originallyapproved in 1949.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1054 91(2000).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 09.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.04.4This instrument is no longer available from the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.,Process Engineering and System Designs,Dept.109 E,1144 East Market Street,Akron,OH 44316.Technical and engineering drawings for its manufacture and thereproduction of replacement parts are available from ASTM at a nominal cost.Request Adjunct Number ADJD1054.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.5.1.3 Penetration striker(3),5.1.4 Contact for the indentation reading(4),5.1.5 Release device(5 and 6),5.1.6 Pawls(7),5.1.7 Pawl rack(8),5.1.8 Pointer(10),5.1.9 Anvil(12),5.1.10 Quadrant with an angular scale(11),5.1.11 Specimen holder(14),5.1.12 Penetration micrometer(16,17,and 18),5.1.13 Headphones(21)and a dry battery circuit(22),orother suitable power supply,attached to th