ASTM_C_485_-_16.pdf

Designation:C48516Standard Test Method forMeasuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C485;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring thecorner,diagonal,and edge warpages of the following catego-ries of ceramic tile:1.1.1 Square Tile,2 by 2 in.(51 by 51 mm)or larger,thatare nominally flat,of uniform overall thickness,and have asmooth face of one of the types:unglazed,bright glazed,matteglazed,or finely crystalline glazed.1.1.2 Oblong Tile,no facial dimension smaller than 2 in.(51mm),that are flat,of uniform overall thickness,and have asmooth face of one of the types:unglazed,bright glazed,matteglazed,or finely crystalline glazed.1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile,no facial dimension smallerthan 2 in.(51 mm),that are flat,but have an irregular face suchas embossed,sloped,bumpy,wavy,coarsely crystalline,orwire-cut textured.1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile,larger than 4 in.2(26 cm2),thatare flat and of uniform body thickness with smooth or irregularface,such as hexagonal,diamond,Spanish type,and so forth.1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in 1.1.1 1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat.(Surfacetrim tile should be treated as flat tile whenever possible.)1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4in.2(26 cm2)and at least two straight sides equal to or greaterthan 1.0 in.(25 mm)long.(Modular 1-by 1-in.tile are not inthe scope of this test method.)1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having em-bossed surfaces that are not flat,or that have a combination ofvariable body thickness and an irregular face.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProducts2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Warpage Gage for Ceramic Tile33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contact warpage device,nconsisting of a fixture thathas reference pins,contact gauges,and zero blank plates.Thedevice can be specific to a tile size or adjustable.Typically thetile rests on the pins and the zero plane is fixed from thesecontact points.3.1.2 non-contact warpage device,na device that usessome form of non-contact method to take measurements.Anexample would be laser measurement.These devices can useda fixed reference plane(zero with flat blanks)or calculate atheoretical reference plane.3.1.3reference plane,nthe zero plane from which tileplanar deviations are measured.3.1.4 tile,nsee Definitions C242.3.1.5 warpage,ncurvature of a flat tile measured asdeviation of the tile surface from a true plane along the edges,at the corners,or the diagonals.The deviation is measured atthe mid-length of an edge or diagonal,or at a corner,expressedas a percentage of the length of the edge,diagonal,or corner,and called convex or concave with respect to the face of thetile.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This method calculates the deviation of a ceramic tilefrom a flat plane.Measurements are made along the edges,1This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec.1,2016.Published January 2017.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C485 09.DOI:10.1520/C0485-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Three drawings showing construction details are available from ASTMHeadquarters.Order ADJC0485.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 diagonals,and corners of a tile.The deviation is expressed asconvex(positive)or concave(negative)warpage in relation tothe tile face.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for determ