ASTM_C_885_-_87_2012.pdf

Designation:C88587(Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forYoungs Modulus of Refractory Shapes by SonicResonance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C885;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring theresonance frequency in the flexural(transverse)mode ofvibration of rectangular refractory brick or rectangularlyshaped monoliths at room temperature.Youngs modulus iscalculated from the resonance frequency of the shape,its mass(weight)and dimensions.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Although the Hertz(Hz)is an SI unit,it is derivedfrom seconds which is also an inch-pound unit.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C134 Test Methods for Size,Dimensional Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrickC215 TestMethodforFundamentalTransverse,Longitudinal,and Torsional Resonant Frequencies ofConcrete SpecimensC623 Test Method for Youngs Modulus,Shear Modulus,and Poissons Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics byResonanceC747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and FundamentalFrequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by SonicResonanceC848 Test Method for Youngs Modulus,Shear Modulus,and Poissons Ratio For Ceramic Whitewares by Reso-nance3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Test specimens are vibrated in flexure over a broadfrequency range;mechanical excitation is provided through theuse of a vibrating driver that transforms an initial electricalsignal into a mechanical vibration.A detector senses theresulting mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transformsthem into an electrical signal that can be displayed on thescreen of an oscilloscope to detect resonance by a Lissajousfigure.The calculation of Youngs modulus from the resonancefrequency measured is simplified by assuming that Poissonsratio is16for all refractory materials.4.Significance and Use4.1 Youngs modulus is a fundamental mechanical propertyof a material.4.2 This test method is used to determine the dynamicmodulus of elasticity of rectangular shapes.Since the test isnondestructive,specimens may be used for other tests asdesired.4.3 This test method is useful for research and development,engineering application and design,manufacturing processcontrol,and for developing purchasing specifications.4.4 The fundamental assumption inherent in this testmethod is that a Poissons ratio of16is typical for heteroge-neous refractory materials.The actual Poissons ratio maydiffer.5.Apparatus5.1 A block diagram of a suggested test apparatus arrange-ment is shown in Fig.1.Details of the equipment are asfollows:5.1.1 Audio Oscillator,having a continuously variablecalibrated-frequency output from about 50 Hz to at least 10kHz.5.1.2 Audio Amplifier,having a power output sufficient toensure that the type of driver used can excite the specimen;theoutput of the amplifier must be adjustable.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.Current edition approved March 1,2012.Published April 2012.Originallyapproved in 1978.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C885 87(2007)1.DOI:10.1520/C0885-87R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.1.3 Driver,which may consist of a transducer or aloudspeaker from which the cone has been removed andreplaced with a probe(connecting rod)oriented parallel to thedirection of the vibration;suitable vibration-isolating mounts.NOTE1For small specimens,an air column may preferably be usedfor“coupling”the loudspeaker to the specimen.5.1.4 Detector,which may be a transducer or a balance-mounted monaural(crystal or magnetic)phonograph pick-upcartridge of good frequency response;the detector should bemovable across the specimen;suitable vibration-isolatingmounts.5.1.5 Pre-ScopeAmplifierinthedetectorcircuit,impedance-matched with the detector used;the output must beadjustable.5.1.6 Indicating Devices,including an oscilloscope,a reso-nance indic