ASTM_C_151_-_C_151M_-_16.pdf

Designation:C151/C151M16Standard Test Method forAutoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C151/C151M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansionof a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclaveconditions in this method.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecaution statements,see the section on Safety Precautions.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination ofLength Change of Hardened Cement Paste,Mortar,andConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms,Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms,and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of HardenedConcreteC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement3.Significance and Use3.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index ofpotential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO orMgO,or both,when present in hydraulic cement.34.Interferences4.1 Pozzolans containing fine-grained quartz have beenreported to cause excessive expansion under autoclave testconditions due to alkali-silica reaction that will not occur undernormal service conditions.4When excessive expansion of pastecontaining pozzolans occurs,it is recommended that thespecimens be examined(see Practice C856)for evidence ofalkali-silica reaction(Note 1).NOTE1If the excessive expansion has resulted from alkali-silicareaction under autoclave conditions,the pozzolan can be evaluated foralkali reactivity using the procedure described in Performance Specifica-tion C1157.5.Apparatus5.1 Weighing Devices and Weights,for determining themass of materials conforming to the requirements of Specifi-cation C1005.5.2 Glass Graduates,200 or 250-mLcapacity,and conform-ing to the requirements of Practice C490.5.3 Molds,conforming to the requirements of Practice C490for test specimens used in the determination of length changeof cement paste.5.4 Flat Trowel,conforming to the requirements of TestMethod C187.5.5 Autoclave,consisting of a high-pressure steam vesselprovided with a thermometer well.The autoclave shall beequipped with automatic controls and either a rupture disk witha bursting pressure of 2.4 MPa 350 psi 6 5%or a safetyvalve that actuates at this pressure.In addition,the autoclaveshall be equipped with a vent valve to allow the escape of air1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.Current edition approved Dec.15,2016.Published December 2016.Originallyapproved in 1940.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C151/C151M 15.DOI:10.1520/C0151_C0151M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Gonnerman,H.F.,Lerch,W.and Whiteside,T.M.,“Investigations of theHydration Expansion Characteristics of Portland Cements,”Portland CementAssociation Research Department Bulletin 45,pp.1168,1953.4Wang,H.,“Autoclave Soundness Test Mischaracterizes Cement-Fly AshBlends by IntroducingAlkali-Quartz Reaction,”Cement,Concrete,and Aggregates,Vol 24,No.2,pp.6872,2002.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 during the early part of the heating period and to release anysteam pressure remaining at the end of the cooling period.Thepressure gauge shall have a nominal capacity of 4.0 MPa600 psi,a dial with a nominal diameter of 115 mm 412in.and shall be graduated from 0 to 4.0 MPa 0 to 600 psi withscale divisions not exceeding 0.03 MPa 5 psi.The err